Techniques for Measuring CO₂ Sequestration in Concrete: A Review of Key Methods

Concrete production is a significant source of CO₂ emissions, especially the cement manufacturing process. To address this challenge, many studies focus on the process of capturing and storing CO₂ within concrete to reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry. The present review focuses on various methods for measuring carbon sequestration in concrete. This study reviews and compares methods for measuring CO₂ uptake in concrete. Experimental techniques, including both qualitative and quantitative methods such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mass gain measurements, phenolphthalein indicator tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), Gammadensitometry, Calcimetry, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, are discussed. Analysis of various studies indicated that an integrated approach that couples multiple test methods provides the best understanding of CO₂ sequestration.