Hydrocortisone: A Timeless Milestone in Clinical Therapy

First isolated in 1949 and introduced into clinical practice in the early 1950s, hydrocortisone revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory and endocrine disorders. Despite the development of more potent and longer-acting glucocorticoids, it remains indispensable in modern medicine. This review explores hydrocortisone’s enduring relevance by examining its pharmacokinetic properties, therapeutic indications, and versatility across clinical contexts. The favorable safety profile of hydrocortisone and its predictable pharmacokinetics allow its practice for both topical and systemic administration. Topical formulations are widely used for mild to moderate inflammatory skin conditions, while localized injections deliver targeted relief in joint and soft-tissue disorders. Systemic regimens, ranging from physiological replacement to high-dose medication, address endocrine deficiencies, acute crises, and severe inflammatory flares. This review summarizes clinical evidence on the safety and efficacy of hydrocortisone across a broad spectrum of conditions, reinforcing its role as a reliable and versatile glucocorticoid in modern medicine.