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On the computation of the infinity Wasserstein distance and the Wasserstein Projection Problem

Computing the infinity Wasserstein distance and retrieving projections of a probability measure onto a closed subset of probability measures are critical sub-problems in various applied fields. However, the practical applicability of these objects is limited by two factors: either the associated quantities are computationally prohibitive or there is a lack of available algorithms capable of calculating them. In this paper, we propose a novel class of Linear Programming problems and a routine ...

Measuring inequality in high dimensions: a Gini-based approach

While classical inequality indices–such as the Gini and pq-mean indices–satisfy a set of six desirable axiomatic properties in the univariate case (Hurley and Rickard. Comparing measures of sparsity. IEEE Trans Inf Theory. 2009;55(10):4723–4741. doi: 10.1109/TIT.2009.2027527), extending these properties to the multivariate context poses a significant challenge, primarily due to the absence of a natural ordering in higher dimensions. Previous multivariate generalizations, although mathematical...

Financial and numerical abilities: patterns of dissociation in neurological and psychiatric diseases

The present work investigates whether financial abilities can be associated with numerical abilities and with general cognitive abilities. We compared performance on numerical and financial tests, and on tests routinely used to measure general cognitive performance, in healthy controls and in a group of people with heterogeneous pathological conditions including mild cognitive impairment, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and schizophrenia. Patients showed lower performan...

Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Selenium Species Induced by Tofersen Administration in Subjects with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Carrying SOD1 Gene Mutations

: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting the brain and spinal cord motor neurons. On 25 April 2023, the drug tofersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, received the US Food and Drug Administration approval for treating ALS in adults carrying mutations of the SOD1 gene. We aimed at assessing whether cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of selenium, an element of both toxicological and nutritional interest possibly involved in disease etiology and progress...

Mechanism-free repurposing of drugs for C9orf72-related ALS/FTD using large-scale genomic data

Repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene are the most common genetic cause of (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Like other genetic forms of neurodegeneration, pinpointing the precise mechanism(s) by which this mutation leads to neuronal death remains elusive, and this lack of knowledge hampers the development of therapy for C9orf72-related disease. We used an agnostic approach based on genomic data (n = 41,273 ALS and healthy samples, and n = 1,516 C9orf72 carriers) to overcome these bott...

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