SerpinB3: A Multifaceted Player in Health and Disease—Review and Future Perspectives

Simple Summary This review highlights SerpinB3's multifaceted roles in liver disease, from fibrosis, carcinogenesis and immune modulation to cell death protection. In different types of cancer its overexpression correlates with tumor aggressiveness; however, in acute oxidative stress conditions, SerpinB3 promotes cell survival. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting SerpinB3 through its upstream regulators are under development, while its therapeutic potential in acute medical conditions has also been proposed.Abstract SerpinB3, a member of the serine-protease inhibitor family, has emerged as a crucial player in various physiological and pathological processes. Initially identified as an oncogenic factor in squamous cell carcinomas, SerpinB3's intricate involvement extends from fibrosis progression and cancer to cell protection in acute oxidative stress conditions. This review explores the multifaceted roles of SerpinB3, focusing on its implications in fibrosis, metabolic syndrome, carcinogenesis and immune system impairment. Furthermore, its involvement in tissue protection from oxidative stress and wound healing underscores its potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Recent studies have described the therapeutic potential of targeting SerpinB3 through its upstream regulators, offering novel strategies for cancer treatment development. Overall, this review underscores the importance of further research to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action of SerpinB3 and to exploit its therapeutic potential across various medical conditions.