Versatile Spectroscopic Cell for Operando Studies in Heterogeneous Catalysis Using Tender X-ray Spectroscopy in Fluorescence Mode

The design and commissioning of a cell suitable for operando studies using high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HERFD-XANES) spectroscopy in the tender X-ray regime is reported. The cell is optimized for measurements within the energy range of 1.5 keV to 4.5 keV. It has a plug-flow geometry and can be used for sieved powder samples, analogous to reactors employed for laboratory tests. The functionality of the spectroscopic cell is demonstrated in the area of emission control using CO oxidation as target reaction over 1 wt.% Rh/γ-Al2O3 as catalyst. We show how HERFD-XANES at the Rh L3-edge captures variations in the noble metal structure resulting from the interaction with the support material and reactant molecules. Moreover, distinct structural changes were identified along the catalyst bed as a function of temperature and local gas mixture.