Bilanci di energia, acqua e carbonio del vigneto: un approccio multi - scala

The research, carried out in 2006 and 2007, concerned the dynamics of the key physiological processes in a vineyard of the Venetian Region. The study allowed a detailed characterization of the energy, hydrological and carbon budget of the vineyard. The measurements have been conducted at different spatial and temporal scales from the leaf, to the canopy, and up to whole the vineyard.The measurements at leaf scale permitted the parameterization of the Farquhar model of photosynthesis to interpret the physiological response of the leaf to the different environment variables. The continuous monitoring of energy and mass fluxes performed during the two years using the eddy covariance micrometeorological technique, has been used to assess the energy balance, the actual evapotranspiration, and the Net Ecosystem Exchange of the vineyard at the plot scale. A further up-scaling has been carried out using remote sensing techniques, in order to study the possibility of regionalization of the physiological processes measured at lower scales. Detailed biometrical measurements were collected during the same growing seasons, to compare the trend of the growths and carbon allocation in the different parts of the vineyard and validate the overall budget. The adopted multi-scale approach allowed to collect unique dataset, useful to get a clear picture of the energy balance, mass exchange, and growth processes of the vineyard, and a good agreement between the different scales explored was achieved. The carbon budget, assessed and cross-validated at different scales, underlines the role of the vineyard as a possible sink of CO2, in contrast with most of the agricultural crops. A positive sink activity of the vineyard, even taking into account the harvested dry matter, can add a further environmental value to Viticulture.