Efficacy of eccentric exercise for lower limb tendinopathies in athletes

Tendinopathies represent one of the most frequent sport injuries and their correct treatment is a crucial issue in sport medicine practice. In most of the cases, these multifactorial conditions are related to overuse and it is characterized by activity-induced pain, local tenderness and swelling. Although tendinopathies are common, their treatment is not easy. Currently, it is generally accepted that the management of tendinopathies should include early functional exercises. Eccentric Exercise (EE) is considered a fundamental therapeutic resource, especially for the treatment of Achilles and patellar tendinopathy. In our review we analyze the use of EE for the treatment and prevention of the lower limb tendinopathies, evaluating the adopted programs and efficacy, the possible mechanisms of the healing process and the action of EE on tendon structure. Treatments with EE are useful to improve symptoms and function in lower limb tendinopathies, but more evidences are necessary to establish the adequate dose-response and to determine long-term effects.