Accumulation of copper and other metal ions, and metallothionein I-II expression in the bovine brain as a funcion of aging

Accumulation of metal ions in the brain contributes to heighten oxidative stress and neuronal damage as evidenced in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, both in humans and in animals. In the present paper we report the analysis of Cu, Zn and Mn in the brain of two series of respectively young (8-16 months) and adult (9-12 years) bovines. Our data indicate that the concentrations of Cu varied of one order of magnitude between 1.67 and 15.7microg/g wet tissue; the levels of Zn varied between 6.13 and 17.07microg/g wet tissue and the values of Mn resulted between 0.19 and 1.24microg/g wet tissue. We found relevant age-dependent differences in the distribution of Cu and Zn, whose concentrations were markedly higher in older animals. By contrast, Mn seemed to redistribute in the different cerebral areas rather than drastically change with age. Tissues from bovine brain were also analysed immunohistochemically for the presence and distribution of metallothionein I/II and also for the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Metallothionein I/II immunoreactive elements included ependymal cells lining the lateral ventricles and neural cells in middle layer of the cerebellar cortex. No age differences were evident between calves and adult. The presence of liquor-contacting metallothionein I/II in cells confirms that their functions in the central nervous system are not yet completely established.