When ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) interact with ambient photon backgrounds, a flux of extremely-high-energy (EHE), so-called cosmogenic, neutrinos is produced. The observation of these neutrinos with IceCube can probe the nature of UHECRs. We present a search for EHE neutrinos using 12.6 years of IceCube data. The non-observation of neutrinos with energies ≳ 10 PeV constrains the all-flavor neutrino flux at 1 EeV to be below E2Φνe+νμ+ντ ≃ 10−8 GeV cm−2 s−1 sr−1, the most stringent limit to date. This constrains the proton fraction in UHECRs of energy above 30 EeV to be ≲ 70 % if the evolution of the UHECR sources is similar to the star formation rate. Our analysis circumvents uncertainties associated with hadronic interaction models in studies of UHECR air showers, which also suggest a heavy composition at such energies.

A search for extremely-high-energy neutrinos with IceCube and implications for the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray proton fraction

Bernardini E.;
2025

Abstract

When ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) interact with ambient photon backgrounds, a flux of extremely-high-energy (EHE), so-called cosmogenic, neutrinos is produced. The observation of these neutrinos with IceCube can probe the nature of UHECRs. We present a search for EHE neutrinos using 12.6 years of IceCube data. The non-observation of neutrinos with energies ≳ 10 PeV constrains the all-flavor neutrino flux at 1 EeV to be below E2Φνe+νμ+ντ ≃ 10−8 GeV cm−2 s−1 sr−1, the most stringent limit to date. This constrains the proton fraction in UHECRs of energy above 30 EeV to be ≲ 70 % if the evolution of the UHECR sources is similar to the star formation rate. Our analysis circumvents uncertainties associated with hadronic interaction models in studies of UHECR air showers, which also suggest a heavy composition at such energies.
2025
Proceedings of Science
39th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2025
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
ICRC2025_1122.pdf

accesso aperto

Tipologia: Published (Publisher's Version of Record)
Licenza: Creative commons
Dimensione 736.04 kB
Formato Adobe PDF
736.04 kB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3613272
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 0
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
  • OpenAlex 0
social impact