Current practices in scheduling, cost estimation, and resource accounting rely on fragmented workflows, unclear use of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), and proprietary tools that hinder interoperability. These limitations lead to error-prone, non-standardized processes. This study proposes a framework based on IFC4.3 that defines construction processes and process templates to integrate time, cost, and resource data within IFC. A web-based prototype demonstrates the approach, enabling automatic generation of WBS, CBS, Bills of Quantities, and 4D simulations. Results confirm the feasibility and completeness of IFC for these domains, providing a foundation for interoperable, standardized project-control tools and future real-case implementations
INTEGRATING TIME, COST, AND RESOURCES IN BIM: A PROCESS-ORIENTED FRAMEWORK
Davide Avogaro
;Carlo Zanchetta
2026
Abstract
Current practices in scheduling, cost estimation, and resource accounting rely on fragmented workflows, unclear use of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), and proprietary tools that hinder interoperability. These limitations lead to error-prone, non-standardized processes. This study proposes a framework based on IFC4.3 that defines construction processes and process templates to integrate time, cost, and resource data within IFC. A web-based prototype demonstrates the approach, enabling automatic generation of WBS, CBS, Bills of Quantities, and 4D simulations. Results confirm the feasibility and completeness of IFC for these domains, providing a foundation for interoperable, standardized project-control tools and future real-case implementations
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