Euclid : Quick Data Release (Q1) – A photometric search for ultracool dwarfs in the Euclid Deep Fields

We present a catalogue of 5306 new ultracool dwarf (UCD) candidates in the three Euclid Deep Fields in the Q1 data release. They range from late M to late T dwarfs, and include 1200 L and T dwarfs. A total of 546 objects have been spectroscopically confirmed, including 329 L dwarfs and 26 T dwarfs. We also provide empirical Euclid colours as a function of spectral type. Our UCD selection criteria are based only on colour (IE − YE > 2.5). The combined requirement for optical detection and a stringent signal-to-noise ratio threshold ensure a high purity of the sample, but at the expense of completeness, especially for T dwarfs. The detections range from magnitudes 19 and 24 in the near-infrared bands, and extend down to 26 in the optical band. We discuss Euclid’s capability to identify UCD candidates based on its photometric passbands. The average surface density of detected UCDs on the sky is approximately 100 objects per deg2, including 20 L and T dwarfs per deg2. This leads to an expectation of at least 1.4 million UCDs in the final data release of the Euclid Wide Survey, including at least 300 000 L dwarfs, and more than 2600 T dwarfs, using the strict selection criteria from this work.