Extending the SECI framework with implicit knowledge: insights from grey literature in residential construction

Purpose – This study investigates how imbalances among tacit, explicit and implicit knowledge contribute to failures in residential construction. It also updates the socialisation–externalisation–combination–internalisation (SECI) model by formally integrating implicit knowledge and illustrating how grey literature can serve as a diagnostic and organisational learning resource. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative case study was undertaken using eight technical, legal and community documents, supported by photographic evidence of a failed planter. Data were analysed through open, axial and selective coding, and the results were interpreted using an extended SECI framework. Findings – The analysis reveals that interacting tacit, explicit and implicit knowledge gaps produced a systemic failure. Community governance mechanisms, third‑party assessments and the new Law 1/2025 transformed these gaps into preventive measures. The case further demonstrates that grey literature can surface tacit and implicit dimensions often overlooked in construction research. Originality/value – This paper advances the SECI model by explicitly recognising implicit knowledge as a distinct component. It also underscores the methodological value of grey literature in construction management and proposes a SECI‑based roadmap that helps managers anticipate risks, reinforce accountability and embed preventive practices within community and project governance.