Gli Stati come (ri)produttori e perpetratori di lavoro forzato. Una rassegna internazionale 2000-2024

This article presents the first part of a diachronic analysis of the role of States as perpetrators of conditions of forced labor, in accordance with the definition contained in Conventions no. 29 (1930) and n. 105 (1957) of the ILO. The role of States as direct promoters of forced labor is a topic little addressed in international literature and there is no work that provides a general framework and aims at a systematic analysis of the role of States as perpetrators of forced labor in the contemporary world. Therefore, here I seek to identify how many and which States in the world continue to impose forms of forced labor in the 21st century and which are the main forms of forced labor imposed by States. The main source of this study are the annual reports published, from 2000 to 2024, by the ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR).