The Epidemiology of Aging in Surgical Settings

The global number of old people is increasing, leading to a rise in health problems related to frailty and disability, which may require surgery. Europe, in particular, has a higher surgical volume, with Italy ranking as the country with the highest surgical rate. Older individuals around the world face several challenges, including excessive surgery prices, limited clinical infrastructure, and lacking healthcare systems. Addressing these issues will necessitate innovative healthcare delivery methods and investments in specialized services tailored to the needs for older persons. Compared to younger patients, older adults require a higher level of medical attention during the pre-, intra-, and post-operative phases. There is no universally accepted care model, and various versions have been reported worldwide. Recent statistics indicate that between 2015 and 2030, healthcare usage among older individuals globally is expected to increase by more than 50%. Comprehensive healthcare models have shown promising results for older individuals in Japan and Canada, leading to fewer hospitalizations and improved functional status. Patient-centered care is crucial in many areas to maximize healthcare utilization and enhance outcomes for older persons. Healthcare professionals must also consider the special psychosocial needs of older individuals, such as the requirement for social support and the potential impact of cognitive decline on decision-making and consent. Future studies should focus on expanding older persons’ access to surgical treatment, especially in areas with limited accessibility.