Definition of neutral protocols for BIM to building energy modelling and building management systems coupling into open digital twin

The energy footprint of buildings requires strategies to minimize energy consumption. In this context, advanced technology provides tools such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), Building Energy Modelling (BEM), and Building Management Systems (BMS). BIM offers structured baseline data related to the physical and functional characteristics of the building, BEM generates simulated energy performance data during the design phase, and BMS collects and analyses actual usage data, enabling real-time monitoring and optimization of energy efficiency throughout the building’s operational lifecycle. However, interoperability between these technologies remains a challenge. This paper explores the potential for enhancing intelligent management processes by integrating BEM and BMS with BIM through neutral protocols. The data stored in relational databases are compared using the IFC standard as the data model structure. This comparison serves to create an open Digital Twin (DT) and validate the performance of the building system. As a result, it becomes possible to develop efficient energy strategies, ensuring optimal management. Finally, the data within the DT can be queried through a web platform, which includes an IFC model viewer and a system for registering detected anomalies. This facilitates the timely identification of malfunctions, improving the overall efficiency and reliability of the building system.