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With the simultaneous growth in interest from the mycological community to discover fungal species and classify them, there is also an important need to assemble all taxonomic information onto common platforms. Fungal classification is facing a rapidly evolving landscape and organizing genera into an appropriate taxonomic hierarchy is central to better structure a unified classification scheme and avoid incorrect taxonomic inferences. With this in mind, the Outlines of Fungi and fungus-like taxa (2020, 2022) were published as an open-source taxonomic scheme to assist mycologists to better understand the taxonomic position of species within the Fungal Kingdom as well as to improve the accuracy and consistency of our taxonomic language. In this paper, the third contribution to the series of Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa prepared by the Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is published. The former is updated considering our previous reviews and the taxonomic changes based on recent taxonomic work. In addition, it is more comprehensive and derives more input and consensus from a larger number of mycologists worldwide. Apart from listing the position of a particular genus in a taxonomic level, nearly 1000 notes are provided for newly established genera and higher taxa introduced since 2022. The notes section emphasizes on recent findings with corresponding references, discusses background information to support the current taxonomic status and some controversial taxonomic issues are also highlighted. To elicit maximum taxonomic information, notes/taxa are linked to recognized databases such as Index Fungorum, Faces of Fungi, MycoBank and GenBank, Species Fungorum and others. A new feature includes links to Fungalpedia, offering notes in the Compendium of Fungi and fungus-like Organisms. When specific notes are not provided, links are available to webpages and relevant publications for genera or higher taxa to ease data accessibility. Following the recent synonymization of Caulochytriomycota under Chytridiomycota, with Caulochytriomycetes now classified as a class within the latter, based on formally described and currently accepted data, the Fungi comprises 19 Phyla, 83 classes, 1,220 families, 10,685 genera and ca 140,000 species. Of the genera, 39.5% are monotypic and this begs the question whether mycologists split genera unnecessarily or are we going to find other species in these genera as more parts of the world are surveyed? They are 433 speciose genera with more than 50 species. The document also highlights discussion of some important topics including number of genera categorized as incertae sedis status in higher level fungal classification. The number of species at the higher taxonomic level has always been a contentious issue especially when mycologists consider either a lumping or a splitting approach and herein we provide figures. Herein a summary of updates in the outline of Basidiomycota is provided with discussion on whether there are too many genera of Boletales, Ceratobasidiaceae, and speciose genera such as Colletotrichum. Specific case studies deal with Cortinarius, early diverging fungi, Glomeromycota, a diverse early divergent lineage of symbiotic fungi, Eurotiomycetes, marine fungi, Myxomycetes, Phyllosticta, Hymenochaetaceae and Polyporaceae and the longstanding practice of misapplying intercontinental conspecificity. The outline will aid to better stabilize fungal taxonomy and serves as a necessary tool for mycologists and other scientists interested in the classification of the Fungi.
The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa
Hyde K. D.
;Noorabadi M. T.;Thiyagaraja V.;He M. Q.;Johnston P. R.;Wijesinghe S. N.;Armand A.;Biketova A. Y.;Chethana K. W. T.;Erdogdu M.;Ge Z. W.;Groenewald J. Z.;Hongsanan S.;Kusan I.;Leontyev D. V.;Li D. W.;Lin C. G.;Liu N. G.;Maharachchikumbura S. S. N.;Matocec N.;May T. W.;McKenzie E. H. C.;Mesic A.;Perera R. H.;Phukhamsakda C.;Piatek M.;Samarakoon M. C.;Selcuk F.;Senanayake I. C.;Tanney J. B.;Tian Q.;Vizzini A.;Wanasinghe D. N.;Wannasawang N.;Wijayawardene N. N.;Zhao R. L.;Abdel-Wahab M. A.;Abdollahzadeh J.;Abeywickrama P. D.;Absalan S.;Acharya K.;Afshari N.;Afshan N. S.;Afzalinia S.;Ahmadpour S. A.;Akulov O.;Alizadeh A.;Alizadeh M.;Al-Sadi A. M.;Alves A.;Alves V. C. S.;Alves-Silva G.;Antonin V.;Aouali S.;Aptroot A.;Apurillo C. C. S.;Arias R. M.;Asgari B.;Asghari R.;Assis D. M. A.;Assyov B.;Atienza V.;Aumentado H. D. R.;Avasthi S.;Azevedo E.;Bakhshi M.;Bao D. F.;Baral H. O.;Barata M.;Barbosa K. D.;Barbosa R. N.;Barbosa F. R.;Baroncelli R.;Barreto G. G.;Baschien C.;Bennett R. M.;Bera I.;Bezerra J. D. P.;Bhunjun C. S.;Bianchinotti M. V.;Blaszkowski J.;Boekhout T.;Bonito G. M.;Boonmee S.;Boonyuen N.;Bortnikov F. M.;Bregant C.;Bundhun D.;Burgaud G.;Buyck B.;Caeiro M. F.;Cabarroi-Hernandez M.;Feng C. M.;Cai L.;Calabon M. S.;Calaca F. J. S.;Callalli M.;Camara M. P. S.;Cano-Lira J.;Cao B.;Carlavilla J. R.;Carvalho A.;Carvalho T. G.;Castaneda-Ruiz R. F.;Catania M. D. V.;Cazabonne J.;Cedeno-Sanchez M.;Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani S.;Chaiwan N.;Chakraborty N.;Cheewankoon R.;Chen C.;Chen J.;Chen Q.;Chen Y. P.;Chinaglia S.;Coelho-Nascimento C. C.;Coleine C.;Costa-Rezende D. H.;Cortes-Perez A.;Crouch J. A.;Crous P. W.;Cruz R. H. S. F.;Czachura P.;Damm U.;Darmostuk V.;Daroodi Z.;Das K.;Das K.;Davoodian N.;Davydov E. A.;daSilva G. A.;daSilva I. R.;daSilva R. M. F.;daSilvaSantos A. C.;Dai D. Q.;Dai Y. C.;deGrootMichiel D.;DeKesel A.;DeLange R.;deMedeiros E. V.;deSouza C. F. A.;deSouza F. A.;delaCruz T. E. E.;Decock C.;Delgado G.;Denchev C. M.;Denchev T. T.;Deng Y. L.;Dentinger B. T. M.;Devadatha B.;Dianese J. C.;Dima B.;Doilom M.;Dissanayake A. J.;Dissanayake L. S.;Diniz A. G.;Dolatabadi S.;Dong J. H.;Dong W.;Dong Z. Y.;Drechsler-Santos E. R.;Druzhinina I. S.;Du T. Y.;Dubey M. K.;Dutta A. K.;Elliott T. F.;Elshahed M. S.;Egidi E.;Eisvand P.;Fan L.;Fan X.;Fan X. L.;Fedosova A. G.;Ferro L. O.;Fiuza P. O.;Flakus A.;Fonseca E. O.;Fryar S. C.;Gabaldon T.;Gajanayake A. J.;Gannibal P. B.;Gao F.;Garcia-Sanchez D.;Garcia-Sandoval R.;Garrido-Benavent I.;Garzoli L.;Gasca-Pineda J.;Gautam A. K.;Gene J.;Ghobad-Nejhad M.;Ghosh A.;Giachini A. J.;Gibertoni T. B.;Gentekaki E.;Gmoshinskiy V. I.;Goes-Neto A.;Gomdola D.;Gorjon S. P.;Goto B. T.;Granados-Montero M. M.;Griffith G. W.;Groenewald M.;Grossart H. -P.;Gu Z. R.;Gueidan C.;Gunarathne A.;Gunaseelan S.;Guo S. L.;Gusmao L. F. P.;Gutierrez A. C.;Guzman-Davalos L.;Haelewaters D.;Haituk H.;Halling R. E.;He S. C.;Heredia G.;Hernandez-Restrepo M.;Hosoya T.;Hoog S. D.;Horak E.;Hou C. L.;Houbraken J.;Htet Z. H.;Huang S. K.;Huang W. J.;Hurdeal V. G.;Hustad V. P.;Inacio C. A.;Janik P.;Jayalal R. G. U.;Jayasiri S. C.;Jayawardena R. S.;Jeewon R.;Jeronimo G. H.;Jin J.;Jones E. B. G.;Joshi Y.;Jurjevic Z.;Justo A.;Kakishima M.;Kaliyaperumal M.;Kang G. P.;Kang J. C.;Karimi O.;Karunarathna S. C.;Karpov S. A.;Kezo K.;Khalid A. N.;Khan M. K.;Khuna S.;Khyaju S.;Kirchmair M.;Klawonn I.;Kraisitudomsook N.;Kukwa M.;Kularathnage N. D.;Kumar S.;Lachance M. A.;Lado C.;Latha K. P. D.;Lee H. B.;Leonardi M.;Lestari A. S.;Li C.;Li H.;Li J.;Li Q.;Li Y.;Li Y. C.;Li Y. X.;Liao C. F.;Lima J. L. R.;Lima J. M. S.;Lima N. B.;Lin L.;Linaldeddu B. T.;Linn M. M.;Liu F.;Liu J. K.;Liu J. W.;Liu S.;Liu S. L.;Liu X. F.;Liu X. Y.;Longcore J. E.;Luangharn T.;Luangsa-ard J. J.;Lu L.;Lu Y. Z.;Lumbsch H. T.;Luo L.;Luo M.;Luo Z. L.;Ma J.;Madagammana A. D.;Madhushan A.;Madrid H.;Magurno F.;Magyar D.;Mahadevakumar S.;Malosso E.;Malysh J. M.;Mamarabadi M.;Manawasinghe I. S.;Manfrino R. G.;Manimohan P.;Mao N.;Mapook A.;Marchese P.;Marasinghe D. S.;Mardones M.;Marin-Felix Y.;Masigol H.;Mehrabi M.;Mehrabi-Koushki M.;de M. -O. A.;Melo R. F. R.;Mendes-Alvarenga R. L.;Mendieta S.;Meng Q. F.;Menkis A.;Menolli N.;Miksik M.;Miller S. L.;Moncada B.;Moncalvo J. M.;Monteiro J. S.;Monteiro M.;Mora-Montes H. M.;Moroz E. L.;Moura J. C.;Muhammad U.;Mukhopadhyay S.;Nagy G. L.;NajamulSehar A.;Najafiniya M.;Nanayakkara C. M.;Naseer A.;Nascimento E. C. R.;Nascimento S. S.;Neuhauser S.;Neves M. A.;Niazi A. R.;Yong N.;Nilsson R. H.;Nogueira P. T. S.;Novozhilov Y. K.;Noordeloos M.;Norphanphoun C.;NunezOtano N.;O'Donnell R. P.;Oehl F.;Oliveira J. A.;Oliveira I.;Oliveira N. V. L.;Oliveira P. H. F.;Orihara T.;Oset M.;Pang K. L.;Papp V.;Pathirana L. S.;Peintner U.;Pem D.;Pereira O. L.;Perez-Moreno J.;Perez-Ortega S.;Peter G.;Pires-Zottarelli C. L. A.;Phonemany M.;Phongeun S.;Posta A.;Prazeres J. F. S. A.;Quan Y.;Quandt C. A.;Queiroz M. B.;Radek R.;Rahnama K.;Raj K. N. A.;Rajeshkumar K. C.;Soumyadeep R.;Ralaiveloarisoa A. B.;Rama T.;Ramirez-Cruz V.;Rambold G.;Rathnayaka A. R.;Raza M.;Ren G. C.;Rinaldi A. C.;Rivas-Ferreiro M.;Robledo G. L.;Ronikier A.;Rossi W.;Rusevska K.;Ryberg M.;Safi A.;Salimi F.;Salvador-Montoya C. A.;Samant B.;Samaradiwakara N. P.;Sanchez-Castro I.;Sandoval-Denis M.;Santiago A. L. C. M. A.;Santos A. C. D. S.;dos Santos L. A.;Sarma V. V.;Sarwar S.;Savchenko A.;Savchenko K.;Saxena R. K.;Schoutteten N.;Selbmann L.;Sevcikova H.;Sharma A.;Shen H. W.;Shen Y. M.;Shu Y. X.;Silva H. F.;Silva-Filho A. G. S.;Silva V. S. H.;Simmons D. R.;Singh R.;Sir E. B.;Sohrabi M.;Souza F. A.;Souza-Motta C. M.;Sri-indrasutdhi V.;Sruthi O. P.;Stadler M.;Stemler J.;Stephenson S. L.;Stoyneva-Gaertner M. P.;Strassert J. F. H.;Stryjak-Bogacka M.;Su H.;Sun Y. R.;Svantesson S.;Sysouphanthong P.;Takamatsu S.;Tan T. H.;Tanaka K.;Tang C.;Tang X.;Taylor J. E.;Taylor P. W. J.;Tennakoon D. S.;Thakshila S. A. D.;Thambugala K. M.;Thamodini G. K.;Thilanga D.;Thines M.;Tiago P. V.;Tian X. G.;Tian W. H.;Tibpromma S.;Tkalcec Z.;Tokarev Y. S.;Tomsovsky M.;Torruella G.;Tsurykau A.;Udayanga D.;Ulukapi M.;Untereiner W. A.;Usman M.;Uzunov B. A.;Vadthanarat S.;Valenzuela R.;VandenWyngaert S.;VanVooren N.;Velez P.;Verma R. K.;Vieira L. C.;Vieira W. A. S.;Vinzelj J. M.;Tang A. M. C.;Walker A.;Walker A. K.;Wang Q. M.;Wang Y.;Wang X. Y.;Wang Z. Y.;Wannathes N.;Wartchow F.;Weerakoon G.;Wei D. P.;Wei X.;White J. F.;Wijesundara D. S. A.;Wisitrassameewong K.;Worobiec G.;Wu H. X.;Wu N.;Xiong Y. R.;Xu B.;Xu J. P.;Xu R.;Xu R. F.;Xu R. J.;Yadav S.;Yakovchenko L. S.;Yang H. D.;Yang X.;Yang Y. H.;Yang Y.;Yang Y. Y.;Yoshioka R.;YoussefNoha H.;Yu F. M.;Yu Z. F.;Yuan L. L.;Yuan Q.;Zabin D. A.;Zamora J. C.;Zapata C. V.;Zare R.;Zeng M.;Zeng X. Y.;Zhang J. F.;Zhang J. Y.;Zhang S.;Zhang X. C.;Zhao C. L.;Zhao H.;Zhao H. J.;Zhao Q.;Zhou H. M.;Zhu X. Y.;Zmitrovich I. V.;Zucconi L.;Zvyagina E.
2024
Abstract
With the simultaneous growth in interest from the mycological community to discover fungal species and classify them, there is also an important need to assemble all taxonomic information onto common platforms. Fungal classification is facing a rapidly evolving landscape and organizing genera into an appropriate taxonomic hierarchy is central to better structure a unified classification scheme and avoid incorrect taxonomic inferences. With this in mind, the Outlines of Fungi and fungus-like taxa (2020, 2022) were published as an open-source taxonomic scheme to assist mycologists to better understand the taxonomic position of species within the Fungal Kingdom as well as to improve the accuracy and consistency of our taxonomic language. In this paper, the third contribution to the series of Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa prepared by the Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is published. The former is updated considering our previous reviews and the taxonomic changes based on recent taxonomic work. In addition, it is more comprehensive and derives more input and consensus from a larger number of mycologists worldwide. Apart from listing the position of a particular genus in a taxonomic level, nearly 1000 notes are provided for newly established genera and higher taxa introduced since 2022. The notes section emphasizes on recent findings with corresponding references, discusses background information to support the current taxonomic status and some controversial taxonomic issues are also highlighted. To elicit maximum taxonomic information, notes/taxa are linked to recognized databases such as Index Fungorum, Faces of Fungi, MycoBank and GenBank, Species Fungorum and others. A new feature includes links to Fungalpedia, offering notes in the Compendium of Fungi and fungus-like Organisms. When specific notes are not provided, links are available to webpages and relevant publications for genera or higher taxa to ease data accessibility. Following the recent synonymization of Caulochytriomycota under Chytridiomycota, with Caulochytriomycetes now classified as a class within the latter, based on formally described and currently accepted data, the Fungi comprises 19 Phyla, 83 classes, 1,220 families, 10,685 genera and ca 140,000 species. Of the genera, 39.5% are monotypic and this begs the question whether mycologists split genera unnecessarily or are we going to find other species in these genera as more parts of the world are surveyed? They are 433 speciose genera with more than 50 species. The document also highlights discussion of some important topics including number of genera categorized as incertae sedis status in higher level fungal classification. The number of species at the higher taxonomic level has always been a contentious issue especially when mycologists consider either a lumping or a splitting approach and herein we provide figures. Herein a summary of updates in the outline of Basidiomycota is provided with discussion on whether there are too many genera of Boletales, Ceratobasidiaceae, and speciose genera such as Colletotrichum. Specific case studies deal with Cortinarius, early diverging fungi, Glomeromycota, a diverse early divergent lineage of symbiotic fungi, Eurotiomycetes, marine fungi, Myxomycetes, Phyllosticta, Hymenochaetaceae and Polyporaceae and the longstanding practice of misapplying intercontinental conspecificity. The outline will aid to better stabilize fungal taxonomy and serves as a necessary tool for mycologists and other scientists interested in the classification of the Fungi.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3565675
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simulazione ASN
Il report seguente simula gli indicatori relativi alla propria produzione scientifica in relazione alle soglie ASN 2023-2025 del proprio SC/SSD. Si ricorda che il superamento dei valori soglia (almeno 2 su 3) è requisito necessario ma non sufficiente al conseguimento dell'abilitazione. La simulazione si basa sui dati IRIS e sugli indicatori bibliometrici alla data indicata e non tiene conto di eventuali periodi di congedo obbligatorio, che in sede di domanda ASN danno diritto a incrementi percentuali dei valori. La simulazione può differire dall'esito di un’eventuale domanda ASN sia per errori di catalogazione e/o dati mancanti in IRIS, sia per la variabilità dei dati bibliometrici nel tempo. Si consideri che Anvur calcola i valori degli indicatori all'ultima data utile per la presentazione delle domande.
La presente simulazione è stata realizzata sulla base delle specifiche raccolte sul tavolo ER del Focus Group IRIS coordinato dall’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e delle regole riportate nel DM 589/2018 e allegata Tabella A. Cineca, l’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e il Focus Group IRIS non si assumono alcuna responsabilità in merito all’uso che il diretto interessato o terzi faranno della simulazione. Si specifica inoltre che la simulazione contiene calcoli effettuati con dati e algoritmi di pubblico dominio e deve quindi essere considerata come un mero ausilio al calcolo svolgibile manualmente o con strumenti equivalenti.
