Oncostatin M is dispensable for the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell traffic by neutrophils

Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) trafficking in and out of the bone marrow (BM) is essential for immune surveillance and hematopoietic balance. We previously identified Oncostatin M (OSM), primarily from myeloid cells, as a key regulator of HSPC traffic. Here, we show that neutrophils highly express and secrete OSM, especially when senesced. However, OSM is not required for neutrophil-mediated modulation of steady-state or circadian HSPC levels. Aged neutrophils returning to the BM reduce HSPC levels in peripheral blood (PB) independently of OSM, suggesting additional mechanisms beyond CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. While neutrophil transfer modulated HSPC kinetics in wild-type mice, OSM-secreting neutrophils failed to normalize elevated PB-HSPC levels in Osm−/− mice, though recombinant OSM successfully did. Macrophage depletion-induced HSPC egress was OSM-dependent, but neutrophil depletion elevated PB-HSPCs regardless of OSM. These findings reveal that neutrophils regulate HSPC migration via largely OSM-independent pathways, emphasizing the importance of cell-specific and context-dependent cues within the BM niche.