A comprehensive review of thermal energy storage technologies and their applications: Creation of a database

Thermal energy storage (TES) stands out as a key solution for advancing energy conservation and enhancing system efficiency, especially when paired with local renewable energy sources (RES). As the global shift toward sustainability accelerates, TES technologies hold the potential to play a central role in mitigating the challenges posed by increasing energy demands. However, despite its demonstrated efficacy and promise, TES has not yet achieved widespread adoption. This gap underscores the need for greater collaboration among experts, coupled with initiatives to raise public awareness and enhance education on the benefits and applications of TES. In this review, we take a comprehensive approach to explore the latest developments in TES systems, with a specific focus on their integration with renewable energy and HVAC&R applications. In addition, this review includes a comparative analysis of TES technologies focusing on costs, environmental aspects and selection criteria. This work's main objective is to provide an in-depth analysis of TES technologies and to create a valuable resource for the renewable energy community. To this end, we have compiled a detailed and structured dataset that categorizes TES technologies by type and forms the foundation of a unique, user-friendly database. A key innovation of this review is the creation of a dynamic online platform that offers free and open access to this database. Built using “Looker Studio,” the platform provides a seamless, interactive experience where users can easily search and filter information based on TES type, application, temperature range, efficiency, lifetime, and other relevant parameters. This continuously updated database addresses the long-standing need for a centralized, accessible repository of TES information, offering researchers, industry professionals, and stakeholders a powerful tool for informed decision-making. This novel platform distinguishes our review from previous studies by making the vast landscape of TES technologies not only more accessible but also adaptable to the specific needs of users. By offering this free, searchable resource to the renewable energy community, we aim to facilitate the adoption of TES technologies and support the global transition toward sustainable energy solutions.