Optimization of carbon capture and sequestration networks: A case study on hard-to-abate industry in Türkiye

In Türkiye, carbon dioxide emissions from the industrial sector represent the second-highest share among all sectors, following those from the energy sector. This study considers carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) chains for significantly reducing emissions from Turkish industrial sector, comprising cement plants, iron and steel facilities, and refineries. A nationwide CCS network is optimized using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework to minimize costs. The best economic optimization results indicate a minimum specific CO2 avoidance cost of 67 € per ton for achieving a 10% carbon reduction target (CRT), up to 86 € per ton for a 50% decarbonization.