HEALTH AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF CETACEANS AND SEA TURTLES: A FOCUS ON THE ADRIATIC SEA

This thesis explores the health and conservation status of cetaceans and sea turtles, with a focus on the Adriatic Sea, in particular its northern part, providing critical insights for the protection of these keystone marine species. By integrating multidisciplinary research and a One Health approach, the study examines pathogen prevalence, anthropic impacts, and ecological factors affecting these animals. The findings emphasize the significant threats posed by infectious diseases, fishery interaction, marine litter, as well as other human impacts. Cetacean post-mortem monitoring reveal high pathogen prevalence and the impacts of human activities such as fishing and pollution, offering valuable baseline information. Loggerhead sea turtles face similar challenges, including by-catch, plastic ingestion, and habitat disturbances, with notable threats to nesting success from anthropic and natural pressures. The thesis underscores the importance of standardized post-mortem protocols and regional collaborations to monitor health trends and mitigate conservation challenges. Through three comprehensive chapters, the thesis highlights pathogen characteristics, human-wildlife interactions, and the role of public engagement in fostering cetaceans and sea turtles conservation. Based on the results, this thesis proposes a series of recommendations for the Northern Adriatic Sea targeting conservation strategies, including protected species monitoring and management, and transboundary policies. This work provides a foundation for enhanced monitoring and informed management to protect marine biodiversity in the Adriatic region and beyond.