Cosa c’è di critico nel pensiero critico? Dal problema della Bildung nella filosofia classica tedesca alla pedagogia critica contemporanea.

This paper explores the question: What is critical in critical thinking? By proposing an interpretation of the notion of Bildung in Classical German Philosophy – especially in Kant – as a critical category through which to rethink the relationship between subjectivity and world, it reconsiders to rethink the role of philosophy in education, while suggesting a possible dialogue with the emancipatory project of Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Rather than treating critical thinking as a transferable soft skill, the article presents it as a transformative practice rooted in the tensions between subject and world, formation and conformity, autonomy and immersion. Reclaiming critique as a form of emancipation, the paper calls for an education that not only adapts to the world but seeks to transform it.