The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) 8.1 version, including the memory index score (MoCA-MIS): Italian norms

Background: We standardized, in Italy, the latest version (i.e., 8.1) of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), including the Memory Index Score (MoCA-MIS), a sensible index of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Method: Six hundred sixty-eight healthy participants took part in the study (age range: 18–99 years, education range: 1–30 years; females: 344). We conducted multiple linear regressions to detect the best predictors (Age, Education, Biological sex, and Cognitive reserve) of participants’ performance. Results: The results showed that Age, Education, and, occasionally, Biological sex were significant predictors. In contrast, the contribution of Cognitive reserve did not show a systematic pattern. We provided a spreadsheet to precisely transform Raw scores into Adjusted scores for Age, Education, and Biological sex. Finally, Adjusted scores can be classified into Equivalent scores. Conclusions: We conclude that the present standardization of the MoCA (8.1), ...