Ultrasound Imaging of the Superficial and Deep Fasciae Thickness of Upper Limbs in Lymphedema Patients Versus Healthy Subjects

Background/Objectives: Lymphedema, a common source of disability among oncology patients, necessitates continuous targeted rehabilitation. Recent studies have revealed the role of connective tissue in this pathology; however, despite existing research on ultrasound (US) use in lymphedema, no studies have specifically addressed the use of ultrasound to assess fasciae in patients with lymphedema. This study aims to provide a more objective characterization of typical US alterations in these patients by quantifying the thickness of superficial and deep fasciae and comparing them with those of healthy volunteers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using US imaging to measure the thickness of superficial and deep fascia in different regions and levels of the arm and forearm in a sample of 50 subjects: 25 chronic lymphedema patients and 25 healthy participants. Results: No significant difference in fascial thickness was observed between affected and unaffected upper limbs, but patients had notably thinner superficial fascia and deep fascia compared with healthy volunteers. The findings for superficial and deep fascia revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001) in all regions and levels. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of US imaging as a non-invasive tool for detecting subtle fascial changes in chronic lymphedema patients, revealing thinner fasciae compared with those in healthy volunteers. These findings suggest a potential anatomical predisposition to lymphedema, highlighting the importance of incorporating detailed US assessments in diagnosis and management to improve early intervention and patient outcomes. Future studies could, therefore, investigate whether preventive fascia assessment might improve the early identification of individuals at risk.