Recognition‐Encoded Molecules: A Minimal Self‐Replicator

Nucleic acids, with their unique duplex structure, which is key for information replication, have sparked interest in self-replication's role in life's origins. Early template-based replicators, initially built on short oligonucleotides, expanded to include peptides and synthetic molecules. We explore here the potential of a class of synthetic duplex-forming oligoanilines, as self-replicators. We have recently developed oligoanilines equipped with 2-trifluoromethylphenol–phosphine oxide H-bond base pairs and we investigate whether the imine formed between aniline and aldehyde complementary monomers can self-replicate. Despite lacking a clear sigmoidal kinetic profile, control experiments with a methylated donor and a competitive inhibitor support self-replication. Further investigations with the reduced aniline dimer demonstrate templated synthesis, revealing a characteristic parabolic growth. After showing sequence selective duplex formation, templated synthesis and the emergence of catalytic function, the self-replication behaviour further suggests that the unique properties of nucleic acids can be paralleled by synthetic recognition-encoded molecules.