Current management of surgical neonates: is it optimal or do we need to improve? A national survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology

Purpose Few guidelines exist for the perioperative management (PM) of neonates with surgical conditions (SC). This study examined the current neonatal PM in Italy.Methods We invited 51 neonatal intensive care units with pediatric surgery in their institution to participate in a web-based survey. The themes included (1) the involvement of the neonatologist during the PM; (2) the spread of bedside surgery (BS); (3) the critical issues concerning the neonatal PM in operating rooms (OR) and the actions aimed at improving the PM.Results Response rate was 82.4%. The neonatologist is involved during the intraoperative management in 42.9% of the responding centers (RC) and only when the surgery is performed at the patient's bedside in 50.0% of RCs. BS is reserved for extremely preterm (62.5%) or clinically unstable (57.5%) infants, and the main barrier to its implementation is the surgical-anesthesiology team's preference to perform surgery in a standard OR (77.5%). Care protocols for specific SC are available only in 42.9% of RCs.Conclusion Some critical issues emerged from this survey: the neonatologist involvement in PM, the spread of BS, and the availability of specific care protocols need to be implemented to optimize the care of this fragile category of patients.