Mapping Soil Erosion Dynamics (1990–2020) in the Pearl River Basin

Healthy soil is the key foundation of the world’s agriculture and an essential resource to ensure the world’s food security. Soil erosion is one of the serious forms of soil degradation and a major threat to sustainable terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we utilized a continuous Landsat satellite image dataset to map soil erosion changes (1990–2020) based on the RUSLE model across the Pearl River Basin. The study results indicated that: (1) The multi-year area-specific soil erosion average in the Pearl River Basin is approximately 538.95 t/(km2·a) with an annual soil loss of approximately 353 million tons; (2) The overall soil erosion displayed a decreasing trend over the past 30 years with an annual decreasing rate of −13.44(±1.53) t/(km2·a); (3) Soil erosion, dominated by low- and moderate-level erosion, primarily occurred in the tributary basin of Xijiang River, especially in the areas with slopes > 15°, low vegetation coverage, or poorly managed forests; (4) the NDVI and land cover were the dominant factors regulating soil erosion dynamics versus the insignificant role of precipitation played in the erosion procedure. The study results are valuable for soil erosion management and water conservation in the Pearl River Basin.