This thesis project was carried out in co-tutoring between the University of Padua (Italy) and the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). The aim of the project was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the intricate symbiotic relationship between the animal host and its gut microbiota. Two separate studies were carried out employing two different animal models: Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and Danio rerio (zebrafish). Specifically, Drosophila was used as animal model, associated with two isogenic strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (one moderate and one strong growth-promoting strain), to reveal which animal transcriptional pathways are regulated by gut microbes, ultimately resulting in improved animal growth. We show that beneficial commensal bacteria cause a lower-expression of peptidoglycan recognition-proteins (PGRP)-SC1 in Drosophila midgut, and this regulation is directly responsible of improved larval growth. This study demonstrates that commensal bacteria enhance fly growth by actively regulating the expression of specific immune effectors. The second work focused on the study of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) to investigate how such pathologies influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the transcriptional response of the host. We used TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution) as inducer of chemical colitis in adult zebrafish and evaluated i) morphological changes in the gut histology, ii) the gut transcriptional response and iii) if and how gut microbial composition varies in response to intestinal inflammation. No significant results relating to the presence of ongoing intestinal inflammation were found. In the following thesis work, both projects will be discussed, considering that the first (Drosophila) has led to the publication of a scientific article, while the second (zebrafish) is still being drafted.
Questo progetto di tesi è stato svolto in co-tutela tra l'Università di Padova (Italia) e l'Università di Santiago de Compostela (Spagna). Lo scopo del progetto era studiare i meccanismi molecolari alla base dell'intricata relazione simbiotica tra l'animale ospite e il suo microbiota intestinale. Sono stati condotti due studi separati impiegando due diversi modelli animali: Drosophila melanogaster (moscerino della frutta) e Danio rerio (pesce zebra). Nello specifico, la Drosophila è stata utilizzata come modello animale, associata a due ceppi isogenici di Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (un ceppo moderato e uno forte di promozione della crescita), per rivelare quali sono i percorsi trascrizionali dell’ospite regolati dai microbi intestinali, che agiscono sul miglioramento della crescita animale. Abbiamo dimostrato che i batteri commensali benefici causano una sotto-regolazione dell’espressione delle proteine di riconoscimento del peptidoglicano (PGRP) -SC1 nell'intestino della Drosophila e questa regolazione è direttamente responsabile del miglioramento della crescita larvale. Questo studio dimostra che i batteri commensali migliorano la crescita dei moscerini regolando attivamente l'espressione di specifici effettori immunitari. Il secondo lavoro si è focalizzato sullo studio delle malattie infiammatorie intestinali (IBD) per indagare come tali patologie influenzano la composizione del microbiota intestinale e la risposta trascrizionale dell'ospite. Abbiamo utilizzato TNBS (soluzione di acido 2,4,6-trinitrobenzensolfonico) come induttore di colite chimica in zebrafish adulto e valutato i) i cambiamenti morfologici nell'istologia intestinale, ii) la risposta trascrizionale intestinale e iii) se e come la composizione microbica intestinale varia in risposta all'infiammazione intestinale. Non sono stati trovati risultati significativi relativi alla presenza di infiammazione intestinale in corso. Nel successivo lavoro di tesi saranno discussi entrambi i progetti, considerato che il primo (Drosophila) ha portato alla pubblicazione di un articolo scientifico, mentre il secondo (zebrafish) è ancora in fase di stesura.
Microbiota in host health and disease: dissecting the influence of gut microbes on Drosophila growth and Zebrafish intestinal inflammation / Gallo, Marialaura. - (2023 Oct 30).
Microbiota in host health and disease: dissecting the influence of gut microbes on Drosophila growth and Zebrafish intestinal inflammation
GALLO, MARIALAURA
2023
Abstract
This thesis project was carried out in co-tutoring between the University of Padua (Italy) and the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). The aim of the project was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the intricate symbiotic relationship between the animal host and its gut microbiota. Two separate studies were carried out employing two different animal models: Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and Danio rerio (zebrafish). Specifically, Drosophila was used as animal model, associated with two isogenic strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (one moderate and one strong growth-promoting strain), to reveal which animal transcriptional pathways are regulated by gut microbes, ultimately resulting in improved animal growth. We show that beneficial commensal bacteria cause a lower-expression of peptidoglycan recognition-proteins (PGRP)-SC1 in Drosophila midgut, and this regulation is directly responsible of improved larval growth. This study demonstrates that commensal bacteria enhance fly growth by actively regulating the expression of specific immune effectors. The second work focused on the study of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) to investigate how such pathologies influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the transcriptional response of the host. We used TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution) as inducer of chemical colitis in adult zebrafish and evaluated i) morphological changes in the gut histology, ii) the gut transcriptional response and iii) if and how gut microbial composition varies in response to intestinal inflammation. No significant results relating to the presence of ongoing intestinal inflammation were found. In the following thesis work, both projects will be discussed, considering that the first (Drosophila) has led to the publication of a scientific article, while the second (zebrafish) is still being drafted.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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