Transformation among Nigerian immigrants in Italy and the United States: A mixed-methods exploration.

Research has indicated that resultant cross-cultural experiences from migration are precursors of transformative learning. This study explores transformative learning processes and outcomes for perspective transformation among Nigerian immigrants in Italy and the United States. Multiple-case study and convergent mixed-methods research designs were utilized for this narrative inquiry. Through a narrative analysis of two participants' stories and quantitative analyses of the Transformative Learning Survey questionnaire, results showed that the learning processes—such as critical reflection, discourse, spirituality, and dialogue/support—mainly transversed the cognitive/rational and extra-rational domains of transformative learning. Transformative learning outcomes among the participants included acting differently, self-awareness, and worldview shift. The absence of significant differences at between Italy and the US in transformative learning outcomes reaffirms the universality of these outcomes among Nigerian immigrants. A significant contrast emerged in the "Discourse" process, with a higher average percentage in Italy (96%) compared to the US (83%), highlighting a distinct emphasis on communication and experiencesharing in the Italian context. This study illuminates the shared and unique aspects of transformative learning experiences among Nigerian immigrants in Italy and the United States. The study provides a unique perspective on the use of mixed data in the exploration of transformative learning in cross-cultural contexts.