On the CIM Modelling Approach for the Frequency Estimation of a Power System Restoration Process

This paper aims at presenting and discussing modeling and simulation issues regarding the bottom-up power system restoration process. In particular, it compares different modelling approaches for the main regulation sets of the black-start generator focusing on the frequency behaviour. The regulation sets proposed by the Common Information Models (CIMs) library are compared with the actual ones installed on real power plants. The results are thus compared with on-field recordings performed during a real power system restoration test. These results highlight how, for systems which present a low power frequency characteristic, i.e. an islanded system during the restoration process, the adoption of the CIMs seems to be not always correct to estimate the frequency transient: in some cases, the real model has to be adopted.