A Virtual Consultation System for Very Rare Tumors in Children and Adolescents – an Initiative of the European Cooperative Study Group in Rare Tumors in Children (EXPeRT)

Background Very rare tumors (VRTs) in children and adolescents are orphan diseases defined by an annual incidence of < 2/1,000,000. For a long time, VRTs have been outside of clinical and research groups in the field of pediatric oncology. As a result, exchange of experience and development of therapeutic standards have not been promoted. After the foundation of several national VRT working groups and the European Cooperative Study Group on Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT), a virtual consultation system (VCS) has been established, which specifically aimed at facilitating access to clinical consultation in complicated cases of VRTs. Methods The VCS has been open to physicians. After initial registration, they can present VRT patients free of charge. Patient consent and data pseudonymization were mandatory. Within the VCS, disease specific interdisciplinary panel discussions with at least three experts from the EXPeRT group and partners have been opened, and at the end of the discussion, a written summary and recommendation was provided. Results Between Mai 2017 and March 2023, 160 cases from 27 countries (20 European, 7 non-European) have been discussed in the VCS. The most common diagnoses were adrenocortical carcinoma, malignant skin tumors and malignant ovarian tumors. In a survey three months after panel discussion, more than 90% of requesting physicians evaluated the VCS to be easy to use, helpful and to have a significant impact on patient management. Conclusion A VCS may provide significant assistance in the management of children and adolescents with VRTs. Furthermore, it may help to overcome inequalities in access to adequate treatment in countries with lower health care system resources or without established VRT study groups. Therefore, EXPeRT will continue to support the VCS. For this purpose, the VRT panels have been integrated into the Clinical Patient Management System (CPMS) within the European Reference Network Initiative (ERN PAedCan).