Backgrounds: There are various anticancer compounds isolated from liquorice (Li), whose possible anticarcinogenic mechanisms have been studied in vitro and in vivo in animal models: among them glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). GA is a known mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonist. On the other hand, there is no data in the literature on the possible presence and activity of MR on normal thyroid cells and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Aim of the study: This project aimed to: 1) demonstrate for the first time in literature the gene (NR3C2) and protein expression of MR in healthy and pathological thyroid cells; 2) to study the in vitro effect of Li root extract (phyto-Li) and its active compound GA on PTC cell cultures. Materials and Methods: Two stabilized papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines were used: BCPAP and K1. The effect of Li, both in the form of phyto-Li and of the active compound GA, and of potassium canrenoate (CA) on cell viability (MTT test) and on cell migration (wound healing test) on both cell lines was investigated. RNA was extracted from both the pathological tissue (PTC) and from the adjacent healthy thyroid parenchyma from fresh frozen thyroid tissue samples from 49 patients found to be affected by PTC, 29 of which had the healthy tissue counterpart. The gene expression of NR3C2 was evaluated by RT-PCR. To study the protein expression of the MR, the immunofluorescence (IF) technique was used associated with confocal microscopy both on fresh frozen thyroid tissue samples and on the two PTC cell cultures. Results: The MTT test show an overall significant dose-dependent and time-dependent cell viability reduction effect for both compounds and in both cell lines. Especially in the BCPAP cell line, an attenuation of the effect of reducing cell viability is evident at the same concentration of phyto-Li and GA after the addition of CA. There is a clear effect of reducing cell migration for both phyto-Li and GA compared to the control on both cell lines. In addition, there is an increased cell migration after incubation with CA. RT-PCR demonstrates a high level of mRNA expression for MR in both healthy thyroid and PTC. In addition, there is a statistically significant reduction in mRNA expression for MR in PTC compared to healthy thyroid tissue. In addition, MR expression is reduced in Hobnail variant PTC and anaplastic carcinoma compared to classic variant PTC and healthy thyroid tissue. We subsequently demonstrated for the first time the protein expression of MR in both healthy thyroid cells and in the PTC and through the quantification of the intensity of the MR signal in IF we observed a lower protein expression of the MR in the PTC compared to the healthy counterpart. After incubation of the BCPAP and K1 cell lines with aldosterone, and as confirmation of its activation, we highlighted the migration of the MR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after 24 h. Conclusion: this study highlighted for the first time in the literature the gene and protein expression of MR on healthy and cancer thyroid cells, recognizing the thyroid as a new target organ for mineralocorticoids. In addition, it generated the first evidence of an in vitro antitumor effect of Li and its active ingredient GA in PTC, at least in part related to the agonist activity on MR.
Presupposti dello studio: Sono vari i composti antitumorali isolati dalla liquurizia (Li), i cui possibili meccanismi anticancerogeni sono stati studiati in vitro e in vivo in modelli animali: tra questi l’acido glicirretinico (GA). Il GA è un noto agonista del recettore dei mineralocorticoidi (MR). Non vi è invece alcun dato in letteratura sulla possibile presenza ed attività del MR sulle cellule di tiroide sana e di carcinoma papillare della tiroide (PTC). Scopo dello studio: Questo progetto si poneva l’obbiettivo di: 1) dimostrare per la prima volta in letteratura l’espressione genica (NR3C2) e proteica dell’MR nelle cellule tiroidee sane e patologiche; 2) studiare l’effetto in vitro dell’estratto di radice di Li (fito-Li) e del suo principio attivo GA su colture cellulari di PTC. Materiali e metodi: Sono state utilizzate due linee cellulari stabilizzate di carcinoma papillare tiroideo: BCPAP e K1. È stato studiato l’effetto della Li, sia sotto forma di fito-Li che di principio attivo GA, e del canrenoato di potassio (CA) sulla vitalità cellulare (test MTT) e sulla migrazione cellulare (test wound healing) su entrambe le linee cellulari. Dai campioni di tessuto tiroideo fresco congelato provenienti da 49 pazienti risultati affetti da PTC di cui 29 presentanti la controparte di tessuto sano è stato estratto l’RNA sia dal tessuto patologico (PTC) che dal parenchima tiroideo sano adiacente. Mediante RT-PCR è stata valutata l’espressione genica di NR3C2. Per lo studio dell’espressione proteica del MR è stata utilizzata la tecnica dell’immunofluorescenza (IF) associata alla microscopia confocale sia sui campioni di tessuto tiroideo fresco congelato che sulle due colture cellulari di PTC. Risultati: I risultati del MTT test mostrano complessivamente un significativo effetto di riduzione della vitalità cellulare dose-dipendente e tempo-dipendente per entrambi i composti e in entrambe le linee cellulari. Soprattutto nella linea cellulare BCPAP è evidente un’attenuazione dell’effetto di riduzione della vitalità cellulare a parità di concentrazione di fito-Li e GA dopo l’aggiunta di CA. Si evidenzia un chiaro effetto di riduzione della migrazione cellulare sia per il fito-Li che per il GA rispetto al controllo su entrambe le linee cellulari. Inoltre, si evidenzia un’aumentata migrazione cellulare dopo incubazione con CA. Tramite RT-PCR si dimostra un elevato livello di espressione dell’mRNA per MR sia nella tiroide sana che nel PTC. Inoltre, si evidenzia una riduzione statisticamente significativa dell’espressione del mRNA per MR nel PTC rispetto al tessuto sano tiroideo. Inoltre, l’espressione del MR è ridotta nel PTC variante Hobnail e nel carcinoma anaplastico rispetto al PTC variante classica e al tessuto tiroideo sano. Successivamente abbiamo dimostrato per la prima volta l’espressione proteica del MR sia nelle cellule tiroidee sane che nel PTC e attraverso la quantificazione dell’intensità del segnale di MR in IF abbiamo osservato una minor espressione proteica del MR nel PTC rispetto alla controparte sana. Dopo incubazione delle linee cellulari BCPAP e K1 con aldosterone e come conferma della sua attivazione abbiamo evidenziato la migrazione del MR dal citoplasma al nucleo dopo 24 h. Conclusione: questo studio ha evidenziato per la prima volta in letteratura l’espressione genica e proteica del MR sulle cellule tiroidee sane e tumorali, riconoscendo la tiroide come nuovo organo bersaglio dei mineralocorticoidi. Inoltre, ha generato le prime evidenze di un effetto antitumorale in vitro della Li e del suo principio attivo GA nel PTC, almeno in parte legate all’attività agonista sul MR.
TARGET RECETTORIALI DELLA LIQUIRIZIA NELLA TIROIDE SANA E PATOLOGICA: EVIDENZE PER UN SUO POSSIBILE RUOLO ANTIPROLIFERATIVO NEL CARCINOMA TIROIDEO DIFFERENZIATO / Manso, Jacopo. - (2023 Mar 02).
TARGET RECETTORIALI DELLA LIQUIRIZIA NELLA TIROIDE SANA E PATOLOGICA: EVIDENZE PER UN SUO POSSIBILE RUOLO ANTIPROLIFERATIVO NEL CARCINOMA TIROIDEO DIFFERENZIATO
MANSO, JACOPO
2023
Abstract
Backgrounds: There are various anticancer compounds isolated from liquorice (Li), whose possible anticarcinogenic mechanisms have been studied in vitro and in vivo in animal models: among them glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). GA is a known mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonist. On the other hand, there is no data in the literature on the possible presence and activity of MR on normal thyroid cells and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Aim of the study: This project aimed to: 1) demonstrate for the first time in literature the gene (NR3C2) and protein expression of MR in healthy and pathological thyroid cells; 2) to study the in vitro effect of Li root extract (phyto-Li) and its active compound GA on PTC cell cultures. Materials and Methods: Two stabilized papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines were used: BCPAP and K1. The effect of Li, both in the form of phyto-Li and of the active compound GA, and of potassium canrenoate (CA) on cell viability (MTT test) and on cell migration (wound healing test) on both cell lines was investigated. RNA was extracted from both the pathological tissue (PTC) and from the adjacent healthy thyroid parenchyma from fresh frozen thyroid tissue samples from 49 patients found to be affected by PTC, 29 of which had the healthy tissue counterpart. The gene expression of NR3C2 was evaluated by RT-PCR. To study the protein expression of the MR, the immunofluorescence (IF) technique was used associated with confocal microscopy both on fresh frozen thyroid tissue samples and on the two PTC cell cultures. Results: The MTT test show an overall significant dose-dependent and time-dependent cell viability reduction effect for both compounds and in both cell lines. Especially in the BCPAP cell line, an attenuation of the effect of reducing cell viability is evident at the same concentration of phyto-Li and GA after the addition of CA. There is a clear effect of reducing cell migration for both phyto-Li and GA compared to the control on both cell lines. In addition, there is an increased cell migration after incubation with CA. RT-PCR demonstrates a high level of mRNA expression for MR in both healthy thyroid and PTC. In addition, there is a statistically significant reduction in mRNA expression for MR in PTC compared to healthy thyroid tissue. In addition, MR expression is reduced in Hobnail variant PTC and anaplastic carcinoma compared to classic variant PTC and healthy thyroid tissue. We subsequently demonstrated for the first time the protein expression of MR in both healthy thyroid cells and in the PTC and through the quantification of the intensity of the MR signal in IF we observed a lower protein expression of the MR in the PTC compared to the healthy counterpart. After incubation of the BCPAP and K1 cell lines with aldosterone, and as confirmation of its activation, we highlighted the migration of the MR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after 24 h. Conclusion: this study highlighted for the first time in the literature the gene and protein expression of MR on healthy and cancer thyroid cells, recognizing the thyroid as a new target organ for mineralocorticoids. In addition, it generated the first evidence of an in vitro antitumor effect of Li and its active ingredient GA in PTC, at least in part related to the agonist activity on MR.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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