Reflecting on Pipes’s and Brzeziński’s works: Vittorio Strada and the nature of totalitarian dictatorships

Vittorio Strada, one of the most distinguished Italian scholars of 19th- and 20th-century Rus-sian literature and political history, formulated his final interpretation of the Russian revolution and its internal stages, the relationship between Marx, Lenin and Stalin’s thought, the concept of totali-tarianism and the troublesome comparison between Nazism and communism between the 1980s and the 1990s. Expanding upon Richard Pipes’s thesis about the preservation of aczarist, authoritarian spirit and corresponding institutions in the Soviet state and Brzeziński’s and Friedrich’s refinement of the well-known concept of totalitarianism, Strada perfected his own interpretation of Soviet com-munism and in turn made it more useful to analyze totalitarian systems and ideologies.