The aim of this study is to provide a profile of the Italic episcopal body in the Carolingian regnum Italiae. This aim is pursued through the adoption of a perspective that has been affirmed, in the study of the ruling groups of the Early Middle Ages, during the last twenty years, and that hinges on the concept of elite. This concept has served, in the most recent medieval studies, to separate the study of these ruling groups from the more traditional approaches, which started from institutional structures and political systems, to define only later the role played within them by the power groups that were part of them. Since the last decade of the twentieth century, historical criticism has attempted to go beyond this perspective in an increasingly marked manner. It has done so by adopting conceptual tools borrowed, first and foremost, from anthropology and sociology, which, in their generality and precedence over any concrete political order, have allowed a direct study of the political elites. From the outset, this study was characterised not only by the overcoming of the centrality of political-constitutional reflection in political historiography, but also by the questioning of historiographic narratives and paradigms which, according to the supporters of this perspective, played a fundamental role in differentiating fields and objects privileged by historical research from others relegated to the background. This is the perspective from which the present study takes its cue. Although it is dedicated to one of the main actors of Carolingian politics and society - the episcopate - it attempts to approach the study from the same perspective, which enhances the practical moment of the social and political power of the Italic episcopal body, with respect to its institutional dimension (be it the political structure of the regnum Italiae or the ecclesiastical one). In order to do so, we decided to start, after a preliminary definition of the methodological context within which we are moving, from a prosopographical overview, which highlights, according to a perspective already long established in medieval studies, the personal aspect of episcopal power, the concrete moment of the networks of personal relationships that bound the bishops both among themselves and with the actors that constituted their political interlocutors at various levels of the social and political hierarchy, from the imperial court to the parishes. At this first level, the focus of the research is the dialectic between this personal element and an institutional apparatus, which sometimes finds a complete synthesis with it, sometimes is integrated or directly overcome when not in accordance with the needs of government and administration able to rely on alternative instruments and channels. The relevance of the practices of power is also the leitmotif of the remainder of the study, in which the moment of the cultural construction of this power is isolated as the object of study, as well as the subjects who were the main protagonists. Thus, we show case studies related to that part of the episcopate that, moving in close contact with the royal and imperial power, constituted a restricted group, strongly linked, personally and ideologically, to the Carolingian regime, as well as a fundamental vector of integration of the Italic churches in the wider Carolingian context. This integration took place not only at the highest levels of the social and political hierarchies, but also at a local level, in relations with the city and local elites, and in the cultural and institutional renewal of the episcopal sees in which this part of the episcopate operated. The work concludes with a prosopographical compilation of the Italic episcopate and a prospectus of the documentation relating to the major occasions (issuing of diplomas, ecclesiastical synods, placits) of public intervention by the episcopate.
Scopo del presente studio è fornire un profilo del corpo episcopale italico nel regnum Italiae carolingio. Tale fine è perseguito attraverso l’adozione di una prospettiva che si è affermata soprattutto nel corso dell’ultimo ventennio, e che fa perno sul concetto di élite. Tale concetto è servito, alla più recente medievistica, a separare lo studio di detti gruppi dirigenti dagli approcci più tradizionali, che prendevano le mosse da assetti istituzionali e sistemi politici, per definire solo in un secondo tempo il ruolo giocato al loro interno dai gruppi di potere che ne facevano parte. A partire dall’ultimo decennio del Novecento, la critica storica ha tentato di andare oltre, in maniera sempre più marcata, questa prospettiva. Lo ha fatto attraverso l’adozione di strumenti concettuali mutuati, in primo luogo, da antropologia e sociologia che, nella loro generalità e precedenza rispetto a ogni concreto ordinamento politico, hanno permesso uno studio diretto delle élites politiche. Uno studio che si è caratterizzato, sin dall’inizio, non solo come superamento della centralità della riflessione politico-costituzionale in storiografia politica, ma anche come messa in discussione di narrazioni e paradigmi storiografici che avrebbero avuto, secondo i sostenitori di questa prospettiva, un ruolo fondamentale nel differenziare ambiti e oggetti privilegiati dalla ricerca storica, rispetto ad altri, relegati in secondo piano. Da questa prospettiva prende le mosse il presente studio che, pur dedicato a uno degli attori principali della politica e della società carolingia – l’episcopato – tenta di affrontarne lo studio nella stessa prospettiva, che valorizzi il momento pratico del potere sociale e politico del corpo episcopale italico, rispetto alla sua dimensione istituzionale (sia essa da riferire all’assetto politico del regnum Italiae o a quello ecclesiastico). Per farlo, si è deciso di prendere le mosse, dopo una preliminare messa a punto del contesto metodologico entro il quale ci si muove, da una panoramica di ordine prosopografico, che metta in rilievo, secondo una prospettiva già da lungo tempo affermatasi in medievistica, l’aspetto personale del potere episcopale, il momento concreto delle reti di rapporti personali che legavano i vescovi tanto tra di loro quanto con gli attori che ne costituivano gli interlocutori politici ai vari livelli della gerarchia sociale e politica, dalla corte imperiale alle pievi. A questo primo livello, si individua, come centro della ricerca, la dialettica tra detto elemento personale e un apparato istituzionale, che talvolta trova con esso una sintesi compiuta, talvolta è integrato o direttamente superato quando non in accordo con esigenze di governo e amministrazione in grado di appoggiarsi su strumenti e canali a esso alternativi. La rilevanza delle pratiche di potere è filo conduttore anche del prosieguo dello studio, nel quale si isola, come oggetto di studio, il momento della costruzione culturale di tale potere, e i soggetti che, in maniera precipua, ne furono protagonisti. Si mostrano, così casi di studio relativi a quella parte dell’episcopato che, muovendosi a stretto contatto con il potere regio e imperiale, costituì un gruppo ristretto, fortemente legato, personalmente e ideologicamente al regime carolingio, oltre che un fondamentale vettore di integrazione delle chiese italiche nel più ampio contesto carolingio. Integrazione che avvenne non solo ai livelli più alti delle gerarchie sociali e politiche, ma anche a livello locale, nei rapporti con le élites cittadine e del territorio, e nel rinnovamento culturale e istituzionale delle sedi episcopali, in cui questa parte dell’episcopato operò. Conclude il lavoro una compilazione prosopografica dell’episcopato italico e un prospetto della documentazione relativa alle maggiori occasioni (rilascio di diplomi, sinodi ecclesiastici, placiti) di intervento pubblico dell’episcopato.
Il potere vescovile nel regnum Italiae carolingio. Cultura, mobilità e pratiche sociali di un’élite politica / Bagarolo, MATTEO ROBERTO. - (2023 Mar 31).
Il potere vescovile nel regnum Italiae carolingio. Cultura, mobilità e pratiche sociali di un’élite politica
BAGAROLO, MATTEO ROBERTO
2023
Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide a profile of the Italic episcopal body in the Carolingian regnum Italiae. This aim is pursued through the adoption of a perspective that has been affirmed, in the study of the ruling groups of the Early Middle Ages, during the last twenty years, and that hinges on the concept of elite. This concept has served, in the most recent medieval studies, to separate the study of these ruling groups from the more traditional approaches, which started from institutional structures and political systems, to define only later the role played within them by the power groups that were part of them. Since the last decade of the twentieth century, historical criticism has attempted to go beyond this perspective in an increasingly marked manner. It has done so by adopting conceptual tools borrowed, first and foremost, from anthropology and sociology, which, in their generality and precedence over any concrete political order, have allowed a direct study of the political elites. From the outset, this study was characterised not only by the overcoming of the centrality of political-constitutional reflection in political historiography, but also by the questioning of historiographic narratives and paradigms which, according to the supporters of this perspective, played a fundamental role in differentiating fields and objects privileged by historical research from others relegated to the background. This is the perspective from which the present study takes its cue. Although it is dedicated to one of the main actors of Carolingian politics and society - the episcopate - it attempts to approach the study from the same perspective, which enhances the practical moment of the social and political power of the Italic episcopal body, with respect to its institutional dimension (be it the political structure of the regnum Italiae or the ecclesiastical one). In order to do so, we decided to start, after a preliminary definition of the methodological context within which we are moving, from a prosopographical overview, which highlights, according to a perspective already long established in medieval studies, the personal aspect of episcopal power, the concrete moment of the networks of personal relationships that bound the bishops both among themselves and with the actors that constituted their political interlocutors at various levels of the social and political hierarchy, from the imperial court to the parishes. At this first level, the focus of the research is the dialectic between this personal element and an institutional apparatus, which sometimes finds a complete synthesis with it, sometimes is integrated or directly overcome when not in accordance with the needs of government and administration able to rely on alternative instruments and channels. The relevance of the practices of power is also the leitmotif of the remainder of the study, in which the moment of the cultural construction of this power is isolated as the object of study, as well as the subjects who were the main protagonists. Thus, we show case studies related to that part of the episcopate that, moving in close contact with the royal and imperial power, constituted a restricted group, strongly linked, personally and ideologically, to the Carolingian regime, as well as a fundamental vector of integration of the Italic churches in the wider Carolingian context. This integration took place not only at the highest levels of the social and political hierarchies, but also at a local level, in relations with the city and local elites, and in the cultural and institutional renewal of the episcopal sees in which this part of the episcopate operated. The work concludes with a prosopographical compilation of the Italic episcopate and a prospectus of the documentation relating to the major occasions (issuing of diplomas, ecclesiastical synods, placits) of public intervention by the episcopate.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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