Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) are both CD30-positive lymphomas accounting for ~10% and 2%–3% of all cases of lymphoid neoplasms, respectively. Current first line treatments can cure most of these patients but 10% to 30% of them are resistant or relapse after first-line therapy. Liquid biopsy has the potential to help clinicians to screen for disease and monitor treatment response and OMICS approaches have been used to investigate the role of small-Extracellular vesicles (s-EVs) in tumor spread and progression. We have started by analyzing miRNAs expression on ALCL primary tumor biopsy. Microarray analysis identified 19 miRNAs upregulated in patients with better prognosis. Among these, we demonstrated that miR-939 overexpression can contribute to fine-tuning the JUNB-mediated oncogenic signaling by modulating its transcriptional target platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRB), further explaining the favorable outcome of these cases. While a bioptic enrichment of miR-939 is associated to a better prognosis, from small-RNA-sequencing analysis performed on ALCL plasma s-EVs we identified 7 miRNAs more represented in relapsed patients and 10 miRNAs that otherwise are less represented. MiR-146a-5p, miR-378a-3p and let-7g-5p resulted to have highly significative prognostic impact both in univariate and in multivariate analysis, thus acting as a possible panel for the identification of high-risk patients. We focused on miR-146a-5p since its reported role in modulating tumor supporting-M2 macrophages differentiation. We confirmed this function, and we demonstrated its potential to increase macrophages migration toward tumor site and to potentiate tumor aggressiveness. Another interesting component of s-EVs cargo are proteins. We performed a comprehensive characterization of proteins circulating in ALCL patients’ plasma s-EVs. Our results also indicated that proteins of the PI3K/AKT pathway circulate in ALCL patients’ bloodstream within s-EVs, particularly HSP90. Abnormally high levels of osteopontin (OPN/SPP1) are present in s-EVs, with higher levels in two patients that subsequently relapsed. Moreover, we highlighted the presence of more than twice the amount of TNC in patients s-EVs with respect to HD samples. Overall, proteomic analysis of pediatric ALCL plasmatic s-EVs suggests TNC, OPN/SPP1 and HSP90 as potential prognostic biomarkers for pediatric ALCL disease. As for ALCL, also for cHL we focused our attention on s-EVs miRNAs cargo. We performed s-RNA-seq analysis on s-EVs isolated from plasma samples of 36 pediatric cHL identifying a peculiar cargo of miRNAs in cHL compared to HD. Sequencing data were then analyzed by integrating with clinical information. We decided to focus on miR-122-5p that resulted to be more abundantly loaded in patients s-EVs compared to HD and in those of patients who experienced relapse compared to not relapsed ones. By collecting paired samples of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained at diagnosis we were able to identify a peculiar profile in circulating immune cells by stratifying patients based on miR-122-5p relative abundance. The evaluation of circulating miR-122-5p could represent an effective tool to uncover high risk cHL patients yet at diagnosis and to address them to a more targeted therapy such as anti-PD-1. Overall, the data obtained during this PhD have put in light the power of liquid biopsy over classical bioptic investigation both as prognostic and diagnostic tool. The identified biomarkers represent effective and simple tools to identify high risk patients and their proposed possible biological role put the basis for a better knowledge of these pathologies.
Il linfoma di Hodgkin (HL) e il Linfoma anaplastico a grandi cellule (ALCL) sono entrambi linfomi CD30 positivi che rendono conto rispettivamente del ~10% e 2%-3% di tutti i casi di linfomi pediatrici. Gli attuali trattamenti di prima linea riescono a curare la maggior parte di questi pazienti ma tra il 10% e il 30% ricade o risulta essere resistente/refrattario alla terapia. La biopsia liquida è uno strumento che ha il potenziale di aiutare i clinici a controllare la malattia e a monitorare la risposta alla terapia. In questo contesto, gli approcci OMICI sono stati utilizzati per investigare il ruolo delle small extracellular vescicles (s-EVs) nella disseminazione e progressione tumorale. Abbiamo condotto uno studio di trascrittomica in una serie di biopsie tumorali di pazienti affetti da ALCL. Abbiamo identificato 19 miRNA maggiormente espressi nei pazienti con una prognosi migliore. In questi pazienti la sovraespressione di miR-939 può contribuire nel regolare finemente il signaling oncogenico di JUNB modulando l’espressione di PDGFRB, suo target trascrizionale. Un’analisi di small RNA sequencing è stata condotta nelle s-EVs plasmatiche e abbiamo identificato 7 miRNA caricati selettivamente in quelle dei pazienti ricaduti. MiR-146a-5p, miR-378a-3p e let-7g-5p hanno dimostrato avere valore prognostico negativo, sia in analisi univariata sia multivariata, rappresentando quindi un possibile pannello di miRNA che possono essere valutati per l’identificazione di pazienti con prognosi infausta. In base ai dati di letteratura, abbiamo concentrato la nostra attenzione su miR-146a-5p dato il suo ruolo nel modulare il differenziamento in senso M2 pro-tumorale dei macrofagi. Abbiamo quindi confermato questo ruolo dimostrando la capacità di questo miRNA di stimolare la migrazione dei macrofagi verso le cellule tumorali e di potenziare l’aggressività tumorale. Un'altra importante componente del cargo esosomiale è costituita dalle proteine. Abbiamo caratterizzato il cargo delle s-EVs di pazienti con ALCL e i nostri risultati hanno indicato la presenza di proteine facenti parte del pathway di PI3K/AKT in particolare HSP90. Livelli anormali di un'altra proteina, l’osteopontina (OPN/SPP1), sono risultati essere più alti nei pazienti ricaduti, mentre la tenascina (TNC) è risultata essere molto espressa in generale nelle vescicole dei pazienti rispetto ai donatori sani. Nel complesso, dall’analisi proteomica del cargo delle s-EVs si evidenzia che TNC, OPN/SPP1 e HSP90 rappresentano potenziali biomarcatori per i pazienti pediatrici con ALCL. Anche per HL abbiamo analizzato i miRNA caricati nelle s-EVs isolate dal plasma dei pazienti alla diagnosi. Tramite sequenziamento abbiamo identificato un profilo peculiare nei pazienti rispetto ai donatori sani. Dopo integrazione dei dati di sequenziamento con le informazioni cliniche, abbiamo deciso di concentrare la nostra attenzione su miR-122-5p che è risultato essere più abbondantemente caricato nelle vescicole isolate dai pazienti rispetto ai donatori sani e anche nei pazienti ricaduti rispetto ai non ricaduti. Dall’analisi delle cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico abbiamo identificato un caratteristico profilo in termini di cellule circolanti associato con più alti livelli di questo miRNA. La valutazione dei livelli circolanti di miR-122-5p può rappresentare quindi un importante strumento che permette di identificare i pazienti ad alto rischio e quindi indirizzarli ad una terapia più mirata come quella che utilizza anticorpi anti-PD1. I dati ottenuti hanno messo in luce la superiorità della biopsia liquida rispetto alla classica biopsia tissutale. I biomarcatori che abbiamo identificato rappresentano uno strumento che consente di identificare i pazienti ad alto rischio e il loro possibile ruolo biologico mette le basi per una migliore conoscenza di queste due patologie.
OMICS-DRIVEN CHARACTERIZATION OF PEDIATRIC CD30-POSITIVE LYMPHOMAS: FROM TUMOR BIOPSY TO TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT / Garbin, Anna. - (2023 Mar 22).
OMICS-DRIVEN CHARACTERIZATION OF PEDIATRIC CD30-POSITIVE LYMPHOMAS: FROM TUMOR BIOPSY TO TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT
GARBIN, ANNA
2023
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) are both CD30-positive lymphomas accounting for ~10% and 2%–3% of all cases of lymphoid neoplasms, respectively. Current first line treatments can cure most of these patients but 10% to 30% of them are resistant or relapse after first-line therapy. Liquid biopsy has the potential to help clinicians to screen for disease and monitor treatment response and OMICS approaches have been used to investigate the role of small-Extracellular vesicles (s-EVs) in tumor spread and progression. We have started by analyzing miRNAs expression on ALCL primary tumor biopsy. Microarray analysis identified 19 miRNAs upregulated in patients with better prognosis. Among these, we demonstrated that miR-939 overexpression can contribute to fine-tuning the JUNB-mediated oncogenic signaling by modulating its transcriptional target platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRB), further explaining the favorable outcome of these cases. While a bioptic enrichment of miR-939 is associated to a better prognosis, from small-RNA-sequencing analysis performed on ALCL plasma s-EVs we identified 7 miRNAs more represented in relapsed patients and 10 miRNAs that otherwise are less represented. MiR-146a-5p, miR-378a-3p and let-7g-5p resulted to have highly significative prognostic impact both in univariate and in multivariate analysis, thus acting as a possible panel for the identification of high-risk patients. We focused on miR-146a-5p since its reported role in modulating tumor supporting-M2 macrophages differentiation. We confirmed this function, and we demonstrated its potential to increase macrophages migration toward tumor site and to potentiate tumor aggressiveness. Another interesting component of s-EVs cargo are proteins. We performed a comprehensive characterization of proteins circulating in ALCL patients’ plasma s-EVs. Our results also indicated that proteins of the PI3K/AKT pathway circulate in ALCL patients’ bloodstream within s-EVs, particularly HSP90. Abnormally high levels of osteopontin (OPN/SPP1) are present in s-EVs, with higher levels in two patients that subsequently relapsed. Moreover, we highlighted the presence of more than twice the amount of TNC in patients s-EVs with respect to HD samples. Overall, proteomic analysis of pediatric ALCL plasmatic s-EVs suggests TNC, OPN/SPP1 and HSP90 as potential prognostic biomarkers for pediatric ALCL disease. As for ALCL, also for cHL we focused our attention on s-EVs miRNAs cargo. We performed s-RNA-seq analysis on s-EVs isolated from plasma samples of 36 pediatric cHL identifying a peculiar cargo of miRNAs in cHL compared to HD. Sequencing data were then analyzed by integrating with clinical information. We decided to focus on miR-122-5p that resulted to be more abundantly loaded in patients s-EVs compared to HD and in those of patients who experienced relapse compared to not relapsed ones. By collecting paired samples of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained at diagnosis we were able to identify a peculiar profile in circulating immune cells by stratifying patients based on miR-122-5p relative abundance. The evaluation of circulating miR-122-5p could represent an effective tool to uncover high risk cHL patients yet at diagnosis and to address them to a more targeted therapy such as anti-PD-1. Overall, the data obtained during this PhD have put in light the power of liquid biopsy over classical bioptic investigation both as prognostic and diagnostic tool. The identified biomarkers represent effective and simple tools to identify high risk patients and their proposed possible biological role put the basis for a better knowledge of these pathologies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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