In the last decades, mountain areas were affected by a strong abandonment due to the increasing competition with the lowland areas where mostly industries and services are located. Specifically, the abandonment of livestock activities and the associated pasture and meadows led to a loss of Ecosystem Services (ES), including both environmental and cultural benefits, such as forest fire prevention, nutrient cycle, landscape maintenance and cultural heritage. Moving from the assumptions that viable livestock chains contributes to the sustainable development of mountainous areas, contrasting the depopulation and the abandonment, this thesis analysed different strategies to generate added value to mountain Livestock Farming Systems (LFS), based on a strong cooperation between farmers and other local stakeholders. The thesis is composed by three chapters, in which case studies in different Countries and based on different farming systems are analysed and critically discussed. Paper I underlined the strong relationships between organic beef production and mountain agroecosystems in the Catalan Pyrenees. The farms managed large surfaces of pasture and meadows, including highlands pasture. Their activities, mainly based on use of local forage resources, are characterized by few off-farms inputs and very low feed-food competition. Indeed, environmental impacts are mostly related to on-farms stages. Paper II is focused on smallholders’ farms involving local sheep breeds in Italian Eastern Alps. Results showed the important role of farmers in conserving endangered local sheep breed; through a correct management of mating plans, they were able to contrast the risk of inbreeding and the genetic erosion. Moreover, mountain LFS involving small ruminants allowed to maintain a mosaic landscape, characterized by small patches with high biodiversity and high natural value. Finally, paper III highlighted a good level of exchange of knowledge and opinions as well as a good confidence’ level among the local stakeholders despite the different labour sectors. Results showed that, the local stakeholders involved in the study, were interested in the initiative concerning the development of a beef quality brand in Hecho and Ansó vallyes (Aragonese Pyrenees). Indeed, for them, the initiative could generate new opportunities, especially for young people, and for local development in the two valleys. Moving from a local to a global perspective, the strategies identified can serve as recommendation for other mountain areas, located both within and outside Europe. Results of the three contributions referred to some mountainous regions of Mediterranean basin; however, the positive externalities related to the mountain LFS as well as their important role in managing large surface of pasture and meadows, in delivering high-quality and healthy products and in conserving local breeds should be considered as general implications even for other mountain areas. The adoption of participatory methodology to collect data and to performthe results could be considered as a multidisciplinary approach, having both positive and negative aspects. Indeed, to achieve the main objective of this thesis, different indicators were adopted as well as different local stakeholders were involved. This may represent limitations due to the difficulties in combining both different methodological approaches and local stakeholders with different interests and expertise. However, on the other hand, this also allows to have a more global and comprehensive perspective of the entire supply chain linked to the mountain LFS as well as to the the mountainous regions in general.
Negli ultimi decenni, le aree montane hanno subito un forte abbandono a causa della crescente competizione con le aree di pianura, dove si trovano soprattutto industrie e servizi. In particolare, l'abbandono dell’attività zootecnica e dei relativi pascoli e prati, ha portato a una perdita di Servizi Ecosistemici (SE). Questi comprendono benefici sia ambientali che culturali, come la prevenzione dagli incendi boschivi, il ciclo dei nutrienti, la conservazione del paesaggio e del patrimonio culturale. I sistemi zootecnici contribuiscono allo sviluppo sostenibile delle aree montane, contrastando lo spopolamento e l'abbandono. Questa tesi analizza diverse strategie, basate sulla cooperazione tra allevatori e altri stakeholder locali, al fine di creare valore aggiunto ai sistemi di allevamento (LFS, Livestock Farming Systems) montani. La tesi riporta tre contributi, in cui vengono analizzati tre casi studio di differenti paesi europei, basati su diversi sistemi di allevamento. Il primo caso studio evidenzia le relazioni esistenti tra la produzione biologica di carne bovina e gli agroecosistemi montani nei Pirenei catalani. Gli allevamenti gestiscono ampie superfici di pascoli e prati, compresi pascoli di alta montagna. Le loro attività, basate principalmente sull'uso di risorse foraggere locali, sono caratterizzate da pochi input esterni e da una bassa competizione feed and food. Infatti, gli impatti ambientali sono per lo più dovuti a processi interni legati ai sistemi zootecnici analizzati. Il secondo caso studio concerne piccoli allevamenti di razze ovine locali situati nelle Alpi orientali italiane. I risultati dimostrano l'importanza del ruolo degli allevatori nella conservazione delle razze ovine locali in via di estinzione. Infatti, attraverso una corretta gestione dei piani di accoppiamento, gli allevatori sono in grado di contrastare il rischio di consanguineità e di erosione genetica. Inoltre, i LFS montani che coinvolgono i piccoli ruminanti permettono di mantenere un paesaggio a mosaico, caratterizzato da piccole parcelle ad alta biodiversità e valore naturale. Infine, il terzo caso studio sottolinea, nonostante i diversi ambiti lavorativi, un cospicuo scambio di conoscenze e opinioni e un buon livello di fiducia tra gli attori locali. I risultati evidenziano che gli stakeholder locali coinvolti nello studio sono interessati all'iniziativa relativa allo sviluppo di un marchio di qualità della carne bovina nelle valli di Hecho e Ansó (Pirenei Aragonesi). Il progetto potrebbe infatti generare nuove opportunità, soprattutto per i giovani, e lo sviluppo locale delle due valli. La rielaborazione dei singoli casi studio locali in una prospettiva globale permette di individuare strategie utili anche per aree montane situate sia all'interno che al di fuori dell'Europa. I risultati dei tre casi studio si riferiscono a regioni montane del bacino Mediterraneo. Tuttavia gli effetti positivi legati ai LFS di montagna, il loro importante ruolo nella gestione di ampie superfici di pascoli e prati, il contributo nella realizzazione di prodotti sani e di alta qualità e il ruolo nella conservazione di razze locali sono da ritenersi aspetti validi anche per altre aree montane. L'adozione di una metodologia partecipativa per la raccolta dei dati e l'elaborazione dei risultati può essere considerata un approccio multidisciplinare, che presenta aspetti positivi e negativi. Infatti, per raggiungere l'obiettivo principale di questa tesi, sono stati adottati diversi indicatori e sono stati coinvolti diversi attori locali. Sebbene questo approccio possa presentare dei limiti dovuti alla difficoltà di combinare metodologie diverse e attori locali con interessi e competenze differenti, permette tuttavia di avere una prospettiva più globale e completa dell'intera filiera legata ai LFS montani e delle regioni montane in generale.
Strategies to generate added value for mountain livestock farming systems / Teston, Marta. - (2023 Feb 20).
Strategies to generate added value for mountain livestock farming systems
TESTON, MARTA
2023
Abstract
In the last decades, mountain areas were affected by a strong abandonment due to the increasing competition with the lowland areas where mostly industries and services are located. Specifically, the abandonment of livestock activities and the associated pasture and meadows led to a loss of Ecosystem Services (ES), including both environmental and cultural benefits, such as forest fire prevention, nutrient cycle, landscape maintenance and cultural heritage. Moving from the assumptions that viable livestock chains contributes to the sustainable development of mountainous areas, contrasting the depopulation and the abandonment, this thesis analysed different strategies to generate added value to mountain Livestock Farming Systems (LFS), based on a strong cooperation between farmers and other local stakeholders. The thesis is composed by three chapters, in which case studies in different Countries and based on different farming systems are analysed and critically discussed. Paper I underlined the strong relationships between organic beef production and mountain agroecosystems in the Catalan Pyrenees. The farms managed large surfaces of pasture and meadows, including highlands pasture. Their activities, mainly based on use of local forage resources, are characterized by few off-farms inputs and very low feed-food competition. Indeed, environmental impacts are mostly related to on-farms stages. Paper II is focused on smallholders’ farms involving local sheep breeds in Italian Eastern Alps. Results showed the important role of farmers in conserving endangered local sheep breed; through a correct management of mating plans, they were able to contrast the risk of inbreeding and the genetic erosion. Moreover, mountain LFS involving small ruminants allowed to maintain a mosaic landscape, characterized by small patches with high biodiversity and high natural value. Finally, paper III highlighted a good level of exchange of knowledge and opinions as well as a good confidence’ level among the local stakeholders despite the different labour sectors. Results showed that, the local stakeholders involved in the study, were interested in the initiative concerning the development of a beef quality brand in Hecho and Ansó vallyes (Aragonese Pyrenees). Indeed, for them, the initiative could generate new opportunities, especially for young people, and for local development in the two valleys. Moving from a local to a global perspective, the strategies identified can serve as recommendation for other mountain areas, located both within and outside Europe. Results of the three contributions referred to some mountainous regions of Mediterranean basin; however, the positive externalities related to the mountain LFS as well as their important role in managing large surface of pasture and meadows, in delivering high-quality and healthy products and in conserving local breeds should be considered as general implications even for other mountain areas. The adoption of participatory methodology to collect data and to performthe results could be considered as a multidisciplinary approach, having both positive and negative aspects. Indeed, to achieve the main objective of this thesis, different indicators were adopted as well as different local stakeholders were involved. This may represent limitations due to the difficulties in combining both different methodological approaches and local stakeholders with different interests and expertise. However, on the other hand, this also allows to have a more global and comprehensive perspective of the entire supply chain linked to the mountain LFS as well as to the the mountainous regions in general.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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