Peripheral Nerves Injuries (PNI) with/without loss of substances are considered a significant clinical challenge, due to the loss of sensory and/or motor functions. In fact, the current clinical practices (autografts, allografts and xenotransplantation) do not guarantee for fully satisfactory results. The purpose of this study was to fabricate scaffolds based on the new PVA polymer oxidized (OxPVA) to exceed the limits of the devices used in clinical practice. After the characterization of physico/chemical properties of OxPVA (oxidized agents: KMnO4 and Br2) in terms of biodegradation, porosity, mechanical strength, absorption and swelling capacity, preclinical studies have been performed in animal models of peripheral nerve injury (PNI with/without loss of substance). Endpoint considered: 6 weeks/12 weeks. Results obtained from in vitro analyses showed that chemical oxidation has increased indexes of water uptake, swelling and porosity compared to the native polymer, promoted polymer biodegradation after cross-linking, and guaranteed for an adequate mechanical and suture resistance. In addition, the scaffolds proved themselves not cytotoxic and suitable to act as functionalized platform (CNTF, EAK, EAK/YIGSR, NGF). The preclinical study in animal model of lesion without loss of substance evaluated the outcomes of following wraps:NeuraWrapTM, OxPVA and LFPm). At 12 weeks, functional and structural recovery of the nerve (SFI) were evaluated (morphological and morphometric studies by histology (H&E; Toluidine blue), IHC (CD3, F4/80, S100, β-tubulin), ultrastructure (TEM)). All wraps guaranteed for the recovery of nerve function in the absence of evident scar tissue/neuromas. In addition, histological analyses and IHC did not show the presence of inflammatory infiltrate proving the nervous nature of the regenerated also supported by the TEM analysis. Morphometrical analysis showed that OxPVA and LFPm wraps were effective in promoting nerve regeneration. OxPVA and LFPm wraps can be considered an interesting alternative to commercial NeuraWrapTM. The study of PNI with loss of substance (gap=5mm) evaluated the outcomes of the following neuroguides: OxPVA; OxPVA+EAK; OxPVA+EAK-YIGSR; OxPVA+NGF. At 6 weeks after implantation, functional recovery analyses (gait analysis, sciatic functional index, mechanical sensitivity test (von Frey)), histological analyses (H&E, Toluidine Blue) and IHC (CD3, F4/80, S100, β-tubulin) were performed. All neuroguides promoted nerve recovery. The presence of one neuroma has been observed in Reaxon®. IHC analyses showed the presence of regenerated nerve fibers in the central portion of all neuroguides in the absence of lymphomonocytic infiltration. In relation to morphometry, in the central portion the total number of axons showed this decreasing trend: OxPVA+EAK-YIGSR > RA > OxPVA > Reaxon® > OxPVA+NGF > OxPVA+EAK. SHG analysis revealed a less intense signal for: Reaxon®<OxPVA+EAK<OxPVA+NGF<RA<EAK-YIGSR<OxPVA<OxPVA in terms of fibroconnective infiltrate. Coherency analysis of collagen fibers showed highly isotropic areas for Reaxon® unlike other experimental groups (anisotropic behavior). The results of the study highlight OxPVA as a promising polymer capable of ensuring morpho-functional recovery from severe PNI.
Le lesioni nervose periferiche (PNI) con/senza perdita di sostanze sono considerate una sfida clinica significativa, dovuta alla perdita di funzioni sensoriali e/o motorie. Infatti, le pratiche cliniche attuali (innesti autologhi, alloinnesti e xenotrapianti) non garantiscono risultati pienamente soddisfacenti. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di fabbricare scaffolds basati sul nuovo polimero PVA ossidato (OxPVA) per superare i limiti dei dispositivi utilizzati nella pratica clinica. Dopo la caratterizzazione delle proprietà fisico/chimiche di OxPVA (agenti ossidati: KMnO4 e Br2) in termini di biodegradazione, porosità, resistenza meccanica, capacità di assorbimento e capacità di rigonfiamento, sono stati eseguiti studi preclinici in modelli animali di lesione nervosa periferica (PNI con/senza perdita di sostanza). Endpoint considerati: 6 settimane/12 settimane. Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti le analisi in vitro hanno mostrato che l'ossidazione chimica ha incrementato gli indici di water uptake, lo swelling e di porosità rispetto al polimero nativo, ha promosso la biodegradazione del polimero dopo cross-linking, ha garantito per un’adeguata resistenza meccanica e tenuta della sutura. Inoltre, gli scaffold si sono mostrati non citotossici ed idonei ad agire come piattaforma funzionalizzata (CNTF, EAK, EAK/YIGSR, NGF). Lo studio preclinico in modello animale di lesione senza perdita di sostanza ha valutato gli outcome di wrap quali NeuraWrapTM, OxPVA e LFPm. A 12 settimane sono stati valutati il recupero funzionale (SFI) e strutturale del nervo (studi morfologici e morfometrici mediante istologia (H&E; Blu di Toluidina), IHC (CD3, F4/80, S100, β-tubulina), ultrastruttura (TEM)). Tutti i wrap hanno garantito il recupero della funzione nervosa in assenza di evidente tessuto cicatriziale/neuromi. Inoltre, le analisi istologiche e l'IHC non hanno evidenziato presenza di infiltrato infiammatorio comprovando la natura nervosa del rigenerato supportata inoltre dall'analisi TEM. L’analisi morfometrica ha evidenziato come i wrap di OxPVA e LFPm siano stati efficaci nel promuovere la rigenerazione nervosa. I wrap di OxPVA e LFPm possono essere considerati un'interessante alternativa al NeuraWrapTM commerciale. Lo studio di PNI con perdita di sostanza (gap=5mm) ha valutato gli outcome delle seguenti neuroguide: OxPVA; OxPVA+EAK; OxPVA+EAK-YIGSR; OxPVA+NGF). A 6 settimane dall’impianto sono state effettuate analisi di recupero funzionale (analisi del passo, indice funzionale sciatico, test per la sensibilità meccanica (von Frey)), analisi istologiche (H&E, Blu di Toluidina) e IHC (CD3, F4 / 80, S100, β-tubulina) L'infiltrato fibro-connettivale è stato valutato con la microscopia SHG. Tutti le neuroguide hanno promosso completa del nervo. La presenza di un neuroma è stata osservata in Reaxon®. Le analisi IHC hanno evidenziato la presenza di fibre nervose rigenerate nella porzione centrale di tutti le neuroguide in assenza di infiltrazione linfomonocitica. In relazione alla morfometria, nella porzione centrale il numero totale di assoni ha mostrato questo andamento decrescente: OxPVA+EAK-YIGSR > RA > OxPVA > Reaxon® > OxPVA+NGF > OxPVA+EAK. L'analisi SHG ha rivelato un segnale meno intenso per: Reaxon®<OxPVA+EAK<OxPVA+NGF<RA<EAK-YIGSR<OxPVA<OxPVA in termini di infiltrato fibroconnettivale. L’analisi di coherency delle fibre collagene ha mostrato aree altamente isotrope per Reaxon® diversamente dagli altri gruppi sperimentali (comportamento anisotropo). I risultati dello studio evidenziano l’OxPVA come un polimero promettente in grado di garantire il recupero morfo-funzionale da PNI grave.
DANNO NERVOSO PERIFERICO E SVILUPPO DI POLIMERI BIOATTIVI PER RIGENERAZIONE NERVOSA / DE ROSE, Enrico. - (2022 Mar 15).
DANNO NERVOSO PERIFERICO E SVILUPPO DI POLIMERI BIOATTIVI PER RIGENERAZIONE NERVOSA
DE ROSE, ENRICO
2022
Abstract
Peripheral Nerves Injuries (PNI) with/without loss of substances are considered a significant clinical challenge, due to the loss of sensory and/or motor functions. In fact, the current clinical practices (autografts, allografts and xenotransplantation) do not guarantee for fully satisfactory results. The purpose of this study was to fabricate scaffolds based on the new PVA polymer oxidized (OxPVA) to exceed the limits of the devices used in clinical practice. After the characterization of physico/chemical properties of OxPVA (oxidized agents: KMnO4 and Br2) in terms of biodegradation, porosity, mechanical strength, absorption and swelling capacity, preclinical studies have been performed in animal models of peripheral nerve injury (PNI with/without loss of substance). Endpoint considered: 6 weeks/12 weeks. Results obtained from in vitro analyses showed that chemical oxidation has increased indexes of water uptake, swelling and porosity compared to the native polymer, promoted polymer biodegradation after cross-linking, and guaranteed for an adequate mechanical and suture resistance. In addition, the scaffolds proved themselves not cytotoxic and suitable to act as functionalized platform (CNTF, EAK, EAK/YIGSR, NGF). The preclinical study in animal model of lesion without loss of substance evaluated the outcomes of following wraps:NeuraWrapTM, OxPVA and LFPm). At 12 weeks, functional and structural recovery of the nerve (SFI) were evaluated (morphological and morphometric studies by histology (H&E; Toluidine blue), IHC (CD3, F4/80, S100, β-tubulin), ultrastructure (TEM)). All wraps guaranteed for the recovery of nerve function in the absence of evident scar tissue/neuromas. In addition, histological analyses and IHC did not show the presence of inflammatory infiltrate proving the nervous nature of the regenerated also supported by the TEM analysis. Morphometrical analysis showed that OxPVA and LFPm wraps were effective in promoting nerve regeneration. OxPVA and LFPm wraps can be considered an interesting alternative to commercial NeuraWrapTM. The study of PNI with loss of substance (gap=5mm) evaluated the outcomes of the following neuroguides: OxPVA; OxPVA+EAK; OxPVA+EAK-YIGSR; OxPVA+NGF. At 6 weeks after implantation, functional recovery analyses (gait analysis, sciatic functional index, mechanical sensitivity test (von Frey)), histological analyses (H&E, Toluidine Blue) and IHC (CD3, F4/80, S100, β-tubulin) were performed. All neuroguides promoted nerve recovery. The presence of one neuroma has been observed in Reaxon®. IHC analyses showed the presence of regenerated nerve fibers in the central portion of all neuroguides in the absence of lymphomonocytic infiltration. In relation to morphometry, in the central portion the total number of axons showed this decreasing trend: OxPVA+EAK-YIGSR > RA > OxPVA > Reaxon® > OxPVA+NGF > OxPVA+EAK. SHG analysis revealed a less intense signal for: Reaxon®File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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