Background: Psychiatric disturbances of neurodegenerative diseases were the main topic of this project. Two perspectives were considered:(1)the psychiatric onset of undiagnosed neurodegenerative diseases.(2)the neuroanatomical basis of psychosis. Aim:(1)to study a cohort of patients with late-onset psychiatric symptoms, assessing baseline clinical characteristics, cognitive profiles and longitudinal follow-up to determine the frequency of a diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases according to standardized criteria.(2)to investigate structural, functional and metabolic changes in DLB patients with and without visual hallucinations(VH). Methods:(1)78 subjects with late-onset psychiatric disorders were prospectively enrolled at Neurology Clinic of Padova Hospital and Casa di Cura-Parco dei Tigli. An epidemiological analysis was performed evaluating the prevalence of neurological diseases versus primary psychiatric disorders at admission and after clinical evaluations and follow-up. A principal component analysis(PCA)was conducted in the whole group using the minimum complete cognitive dataset. We compared neuropsychological tests’ results between the group of patients with neurological diseases and with PPD. We further investigated differences between types of neurodegenerative diseases:DLB,bvFTD,AD and PPD. We validated the results of the analysis on a subsample of patients that received a biological diagnosis of neurodegenerative biomarkers (n=32).(2)DLB patients were enrolled and divided into VH and non-VH. They underwent T1w-MRI to measure CT, whole-brain DTI, single tract properties and rs-fMRI of the default mode, dorsal and ventral attention, and visual networks. We acquired FDG-PET data to investigate brain metabolic connectivity applying the graph theory and cerebellar activity. Results:(1)Almost 50%(n=42)of the full cohort of patients received a diagnosis of neurological disorders (mainly neurodegenerative diseases). Considering the psychiatric phenotypes at presentation,50% of patients with major depression would have been classified with a neurological disorders,33% of BD, almost 100% of psychosis and 66% of OCD(CHI2 = 7.5, p<0.01). The multivariate analysis showed worse cognitive performances in psychotic patients compared to patients with affective disorders. There were different cognitive profiles between AD and DLB groups versus FTD-PPD. TMT-A test and prose memory-delayed test scores were significantly worse in dementia group compared to PPD (p<0.01). (2) We found lower FA in the right inferior and superior (ventral part) longitudinal fasciculi (ILF and SLF) (p<0.05, corrected), and greater MD (p <0.05), that correlated with the severity of VH(r =0.55, p<0.01; r =0.42, p<0.05, respectively). CT in the projection areas of the right SLF was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Patients with VH also showed an altered functional connectivity in the ventral attention network (p<0.05). The mean 18F-FDG-PET SUVr values of parcels belonging to the visual and dorsal attention networks were significantly lower in the VH group (p=0.01). Metabolism in the right temporoparietal cortex correlated with VH severity (R=-0.58; p<0.01). VH patients showed weaker metabolic connectivity in the parietal, temporal, and occipital cortex of the default, dorsal attention, and visual networks, but more robust connectivity in the right insula and orbitofrontal cortex. A lower global efficiency characterized the VH group, except for ventral attention and limbic networks. Conclusion:(1)Late-onset psychiatric symptoms mask a diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease in about 50% of cases. We encourage multidisciplinary evaluation in the assessment of late-onset psychiatric manifestations and suggest some clinical and cognitive red flags to help with differential diagnosis.(2)combination of microstructural, functional and metabolic alterations involving the attention networks in the right hemisphere may be important in the genesis of VH.
Background: i disturbi psichiatrici delle malattie neurodegenerative sono stati l'argomento principale di questo progetto. Consideriamo due aspetti: (1) l'insorgenza psichiatrica di malattie neurodegenerative non diagnosticate. (2) le basi neuroanatomiche della psicosi.Obiettivo: (1) studiare una coorte di pazienti con sintomi psichiatrici ad esordio tardivo, valutando la clinica, il profilo cognitivo e il follow-up per determinare la frequenza di malattie neurodegenerative secondo gli attuali criteri (2) indagare i cambiamenti strutturali, funzionali e metabolici nei pazienti DLB con e senza allucinazioni visive (VH). Metodi:(1)78 soggetti con disturbi psichiatrici ad esordio tardivo sono stati arruolati in modo prospettico presso la Clinica di Neurologia dell'Ospedale di Padova e la Casa di Cura-Parco dei Tigli. È stata eseguita un'analisi epidemiologica valutando la prevalenza di malattie neurologiche rispetto ai disturbi psichiatrici primari al ricovero, dopo le valutazioni cliniche e il follow-up. Un'analisi delle componenti principali (PCA) è stata condotta nell'intero gruppo utilizzando il set di dati cognitivo minimo completo. Abbiamo confrontato i risultati dei test neuropsicologici tra il gruppo di pazienti con malattie neurologiche e PPD e studiato le differenze tra demenze e PPD. Abbiamo convalidato i risultati dell'analisi su sottocampione di pazienti che hanno ricevuto una diagnosi con biomarcatori (n=32).(2)I pazienti DLB sono stati arruolati e divisi in VH e non-VH. Sono stati sottoposti a T1w-MRI per misurare CT, trattografia e rs-fMRI, valutando i network attentivi e visivo. Abbiamo acquisito i dati FDG-PET per studiare la connettività metabolica cerebrale applicando la teoria dei grafi e l'attività cerebellare. Risultati: (1) Circa 50% (n=42) dei pazienti ha ricevuto una diagnosi di disturbi neurologici (principalmente malattie neurodegenerative). Considerando i fenotipi psichiatrici, il 50% dei pazienti con depressione maggiore sarebbe stato classificato con disturbi neurologici, il 33% di BD, quasi il 100% di psicosi e il 66% di DOC (CHI2 = 7,5, p<0,01). L'analisi multivariata ha mostrato prestazioni cognitive peggiori nei pazienti psicotici rispetto ai pazienti con disturbi affettivi. Identifichiamo un diverso profilo cognitivo tra AD-DLB rispetto a FTD-PPD. I punteggi del test TMT-A e del test di memoria erano inferiori nel gruppo con demenza rispetto al PPD (p <0,01). (2) Abbiamo trovato ridotta FA nei fascicoli longitudinali inferiori e superiori (parte ventrale) di destra (ILF e SLF) (p <0,05) e MD maggiore (p <0,05), che correlava con la gravità di VH(r =0,55, p<0,01; r =0,42, p<0,05, rispettivamente). La CT nelle aree di proiezione dell'SLF destro era significativamente ridotta (p<0,05). I pazienti con VH hanno anche mostrato un'alterata connettività funzionale nella rete dell'attenzione ventrale (p <0,05). I valori medi 18F-FDG-PET SUVr del network dell’attenzione visiva e dorsale erano significativamente più bassi nel gruppo VH (p=0,01). Il metabolismo nella corteccia temporo-parietale destra era correlato alla gravità del VH (R=-0,58; p<0,01). I pazienti con VH hanno mostrato una connettività metabolica più debole nella corteccia parietale, temporale e occipitale delle DMN, dell'attenzione dorsale e visiva, ma una connettività più robusta nell'insula destra e nella corteccia orbitofrontale. Una minore global efficiency ha caratterizzato il gruppo VH, fatta eccezione per il network dell'attenzione ventrale e limbico.Conclusione: (1) disturbi psichiatrici a esordio tardivo mascherano una diagnosi di malattia neurodegenerativa in circa il 50% dei casi. Incoraggiamo la valutazione multidisciplinare dei disturbi psichiatrici a esordio tardivo e suggeriamo alcuni segnali d'allarme clinici e cognitivi per aiutare la diagnosi differenziale. (2) le alterazioni microstrutturali, funzionali e metaboliche che coinvolgono i network attentivi nell'emisfero destro sono importanti nelle VH.
Biomarker cognitivi nei disturbi psichiatrici ad esordio tardivo ad alto rischio per demenza / Zorzi, Giovanni. - (2022 Jul 13).
Biomarker cognitivi nei disturbi psichiatrici ad esordio tardivo ad alto rischio per demenza
ZORZI, GIOVANNI
2022
Abstract
Background: Psychiatric disturbances of neurodegenerative diseases were the main topic of this project. Two perspectives were considered:(1)the psychiatric onset of undiagnosed neurodegenerative diseases.(2)the neuroanatomical basis of psychosis. Aim:(1)to study a cohort of patients with late-onset psychiatric symptoms, assessing baseline clinical characteristics, cognitive profiles and longitudinal follow-up to determine the frequency of a diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases according to standardized criteria.(2)to investigate structural, functional and metabolic changes in DLB patients with and without visual hallucinations(VH). Methods:(1)78 subjects with late-onset psychiatric disorders were prospectively enrolled at Neurology Clinic of Padova Hospital and Casa di Cura-Parco dei Tigli. An epidemiological analysis was performed evaluating the prevalence of neurological diseases versus primary psychiatric disorders at admission and after clinical evaluations and follow-up. A principal component analysis(PCA)was conducted in the whole group using the minimum complete cognitive dataset. We compared neuropsychological tests’ results between the group of patients with neurological diseases and with PPD. We further investigated differences between types of neurodegenerative diseases:DLB,bvFTD,AD and PPD. We validated the results of the analysis on a subsample of patients that received a biological diagnosis of neurodegenerative biomarkers (n=32).(2)DLB patients were enrolled and divided into VH and non-VH. They underwent T1w-MRI to measure CT, whole-brain DTI, single tract properties and rs-fMRI of the default mode, dorsal and ventral attention, and visual networks. We acquired FDG-PET data to investigate brain metabolic connectivity applying the graph theory and cerebellar activity. Results:(1)Almost 50%(n=42)of the full cohort of patients received a diagnosis of neurological disorders (mainly neurodegenerative diseases). Considering the psychiatric phenotypes at presentation,50% of patients with major depression would have been classified with a neurological disorders,33% of BD, almost 100% of psychosis and 66% of OCD(CHI2 = 7.5, p<0.01). The multivariate analysis showed worse cognitive performances in psychotic patients compared to patients with affective disorders. There were different cognitive profiles between AD and DLB groups versus FTD-PPD. TMT-A test and prose memory-delayed test scores were significantly worse in dementia group compared to PPD (p<0.01). (2) We found lower FA in the right inferior and superior (ventral part) longitudinal fasciculi (ILF and SLF) (p<0.05, corrected), and greater MD (p <0.05), that correlated with the severity of VH(r =0.55, p<0.01; r =0.42, p<0.05, respectively). CT in the projection areas of the right SLF was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Patients with VH also showed an altered functional connectivity in the ventral attention network (p<0.05). The mean 18F-FDG-PET SUVr values of parcels belonging to the visual and dorsal attention networks were significantly lower in the VH group (p=0.01). Metabolism in the right temporoparietal cortex correlated with VH severity (R=-0.58; p<0.01). VH patients showed weaker metabolic connectivity in the parietal, temporal, and occipital cortex of the default, dorsal attention, and visual networks, but more robust connectivity in the right insula and orbitofrontal cortex. A lower global efficiency characterized the VH group, except for ventral attention and limbic networks. Conclusion:(1)Late-onset psychiatric symptoms mask a diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease in about 50% of cases. We encourage multidisciplinary evaluation in the assessment of late-onset psychiatric manifestations and suggest some clinical and cognitive red flags to help with differential diagnosis.(2)combination of microstructural, functional and metabolic alterations involving the attention networks in the right hemisphere may be important in the genesis of VH.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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