Lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A retrospective multicentre study in Europe

Background and Objective: There remains a paucity of large databases for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and lung cancer. We aimed to create a European registry. Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective study across seven European countries between 1 January 2010 and 18 May 2021. Results: We identified 324 patients with lung cancer among 3178 patients with IPF (prevalence = 10.2%). By the end of the 10 year-period following IPF diagnosis, 26.6% of alive patients with IPF had been diagnosed with lung cancer. Patients with IPF and lung cancer experienced increased risk of all-cause mortality than IPF patients without lung cancer (HR: 1.51, [95% CI: 1.22–1.86], p < 0.0001). All-cause mortality was significantly lower for patients with IPF and lung cancer with a monocyte count of either <0.60 or 0.60–<0.95 K/μl than patients with monocyte count ≥0.95 K/μl (HR [<0.60 vs. ≥0.95 K/μl]: 0.35, [95% CI: 0.17–0.72], HR [0.60–<0.95 vs. ≥0.95 K/μl]: 0.42, [95% CI: 0.21–0.82], p = 0.003). Patients with IPF and lung cancer that received antifibrotics presented with decreased all cause-mortality compared to those who did not receive antifibrotics (HR: 0.61, [95% CI: 0.42–0.87], p = 0.006). In the adjusted model, a significantly lower proportion of surgically treated patients with IPF and otherwise technically operable lung cancer experienced all-cause mortality compared to non-surgically treated patients (HR: 0.30 [95% CI: 0.11–0.86], p = 0.02). Conclusion: Lung cancer exerts a dramatic impact on patients with IPF. A consensus statement for the management of patients with IPF and lung cancer is sorely needed.