In the current knowledge-based era, knowledge, which is a critical resource for companies, needs to be managed properly not only in single firms but also across inter-firm relationships and supply chains (SCs) because business competition, rather than among individual firms, is increasingly tends to involve entire SCs. Also, considering the current sustainability challenges, it is becoming vital to coordinate and co-manage company resources, activities, and innovative efforts well beyond the single organization. So, business managers must be aware of the knowledge management (KM) practices that can be effectively adopted and facilitate the assimilation of these practices to promote competitiveness. Standard definitions and classifications with a comprehensive list of important KM practices can be of great help, but the current studies are very limited and fragmented. Also, in line with this, the level of use of the KM practices which are adopted by firms, at intra or inter-firm level, is not well addressed by the previous empirical studies. To fill these gaps, this study primarily contributes to explore the literature and examine the state-of-the art of research on KM practices and identify the most important concepts, definitions, and taxonomies that can be relevant especially for inter-firm relationships in SCs. This is done by using a systematic literature review, based on a combination of a quantitative and a qualitative approach. The descriptive analysis showed the trend and focus of papers in the KM-SC field. Also, through a content analysis, the study discusses a possible systematization of the key KM practices based on the definitions and classifications drawn from the literature. Then, after the inclusion of feedback from KM experts, a first attempt is made to provide a consistent definition of KM practices in business and then to categorize them by introducing a new triple-category classification that considers all the different typologies that should be included. A taxonomy of KM practices which shows a comprehensive list and definitions along with a characterization of each practice, both in general terms and specifically for its application to inter-firm relationship in SCs, is developed. In doing so, the study contributed to the current KM research by making a step towards a systematic conceptualization of KM practices and in practical terms, it proposed a structured and synoptic reference, useful for companies and managerial education. The second goal of the thesis is to investigate which KM practices are adopted, and to measure their intensity of use both at firm and inter-firm level (with their suppliers and customers) to make useful comparisons between internal and external inter-firm KM capabilities. A survey based on a structured questionnaire on a sample of European manufacturing firms is used. The study confirms that the examined practices are known and, to some extent, adopted by the sample firms but with a very different intensity. It was also found that a lower use of KM practices regards the inter-firm level. Also, firms use less intensely those practices which are called “elective” in accordance with the KM literature. The results of a correlation analysis depict that the more intensely the practices are used internally, the more likely the firms will intensely employ them with suppliers and customers. In short, with this study, the key contribution is the effort to define and newly categorize the KM practices, empirically evaluate their intensity of use, and characterise their potential importance for effective inter-firm relationship in SCs compared to the classic intra-organizational environment which has, so far, guided the KM research for the most. All this is important for both researchers and practitioners, can provide inspiration for future research on the one hand, and can support practical efforts to introduce and develop KM programs in companies on the other hand.
Nell'attuale era della conoscenza, la conoscenza, che è una risorsa fondamentale per le aziende, deve essere gestita in modo appropriato non solo all’interno di ciascuna impresa ma anche con riferimento alle relazioni inter-impresa e attraverso le catene di fornitura (Supply chain - SC). In effetti la competizione, piuttosto che singole imprese, riguarda sempre più le intere supply chain. Pertanto, è importante che i manager siano consapevoli delle pratiche di gestione della conoscenza (Knowledge management - KM) che possono essere utilmente adottate e di come facilitarne l'adozione per favorire la competitività delle proprie aziende. A questo scopo, disporre di definizioni e classificazioni appropriate, e di un repertorio standard delle pratiche di KM, può essere di grande aiuto e tuttavia a questo riguardo gli studi attuali sono ancora limitati e frammentati. Inoltre, il grado di utilizzo delle pratiche di KM nelle imprese, sia a livello intraaziendale che interaziendale, non è ancora stato sufficientemente analizzato e c’è necessità di ulteriori studi empirici. Per colmare queste lacune, la tesi ha prima esaminato la letteratura attuale e in particolare lo stato dell'arte della ricerca sulle pratiche di KM. È stata effettuata una revisione sistematica della letteratura per analizzare sia l'andamento attuale della ricerca, sia i principali oggetti di studio dei lavori presentati sul tema del KM, in particolare in SC. Inoltre, l’analisi del contenuto di tali lavori ha permesso una sistematizzazione delle principali pratiche di KM e delle loro definizioni e classificazioni così come sono state proposte nella letteratura. Sulla base di questa analisi bibliografica e, inoltre, grazie ai feedback ottenuti da colloqui con esperti di KM, nella tesi viene proposta una definizione delle pratiche di KM nel business che dovrebbe permettere una loro migliore e più coerente di categorizzazione. Viene quindi illustrata una nuova classificazione a “tripla categoria” che permette di elencare le diverse tipologie di pratiche di KM che hanno sostanziale rilevanza nel business, fornendone una definizione e categorizzazione adeguata, sia in termini generali sia, specificamente, per la loro possibile applicazione alle relazioni interimpresa in special modo nelle supply chain. Questo primo risultato della ricerca consente di fare un ulteriore passo verso una concettualizzazione sistematica delle pratiche di KM offrendo spunti per la ricerca futura e, in termini pratici, di offrire un riferimento strutturato e sinottico, utile per la direzione delle imprese che per la formazione manageriale. Il secondo obiettivo della tesi è indagare, tramite un questionario strutturato su un campione di aziende manifatturiere europee, su quali pratiche di KM siano adottate e misurarne il loro grado di utilizzo, sia a livello aziendale che interaziendale (con fornitori e clienti) il che ha consentito anche di effettuare utili confronti tra le capacità di KM intra- e inter-aziendale. Lo studio conferma che le pratiche esaminate sono note e, in una certa misura, adottate dalle imprese campione ma utilizzate con intensità molto diversa. È stato inoltre riscontrato un minor ricorso alle pratiche di KM nel contesto interaziendale. Inoltre, le imprese utilizzano meno intensamente quelle pratiche che possono essere definite "elettive" secondo la letteratura del KM. I risultati di un'analisi di correlazione mostrano poi che più intensamente le pratiche vengono utilizzate internamente, più è probabile che le aziende le impieghino anche con fornitori e clienti. In definitiva, il contributo fondamentale di questo studio è rappresentato dallo sforzo di definire e categorizzare in modo originale le pratiche di KM, valutarne empiricamente il grado di utilizzo, e caratterizzarne la potenziale importanza ai fini delle relazioni interimpresa nelle SC. Tutto ciò è importante sia per i ricercatori che per i manager d’azienda.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN CLIENT-SUPPLIER INTER-FIRM RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN SUPPLY CHAINS / Kassaneh, TOMAS CHERKOS. - (2022 May 23).
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN CLIENT-SUPPLIER INTER-FIRM RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN SUPPLY CHAINS
KASSANEH, TOMAS CHERKOS
2022
Abstract
In the current knowledge-based era, knowledge, which is a critical resource for companies, needs to be managed properly not only in single firms but also across inter-firm relationships and supply chains (SCs) because business competition, rather than among individual firms, is increasingly tends to involve entire SCs. Also, considering the current sustainability challenges, it is becoming vital to coordinate and co-manage company resources, activities, and innovative efforts well beyond the single organization. So, business managers must be aware of the knowledge management (KM) practices that can be effectively adopted and facilitate the assimilation of these practices to promote competitiveness. Standard definitions and classifications with a comprehensive list of important KM practices can be of great help, but the current studies are very limited and fragmented. Also, in line with this, the level of use of the KM practices which are adopted by firms, at intra or inter-firm level, is not well addressed by the previous empirical studies. To fill these gaps, this study primarily contributes to explore the literature and examine the state-of-the art of research on KM practices and identify the most important concepts, definitions, and taxonomies that can be relevant especially for inter-firm relationships in SCs. This is done by using a systematic literature review, based on a combination of a quantitative and a qualitative approach. The descriptive analysis showed the trend and focus of papers in the KM-SC field. Also, through a content analysis, the study discusses a possible systematization of the key KM practices based on the definitions and classifications drawn from the literature. Then, after the inclusion of feedback from KM experts, a first attempt is made to provide a consistent definition of KM practices in business and then to categorize them by introducing a new triple-category classification that considers all the different typologies that should be included. A taxonomy of KM practices which shows a comprehensive list and definitions along with a characterization of each practice, both in general terms and specifically for its application to inter-firm relationship in SCs, is developed. In doing so, the study contributed to the current KM research by making a step towards a systematic conceptualization of KM practices and in practical terms, it proposed a structured and synoptic reference, useful for companies and managerial education. The second goal of the thesis is to investigate which KM practices are adopted, and to measure their intensity of use both at firm and inter-firm level (with their suppliers and customers) to make useful comparisons between internal and external inter-firm KM capabilities. A survey based on a structured questionnaire on a sample of European manufacturing firms is used. The study confirms that the examined practices are known and, to some extent, adopted by the sample firms but with a very different intensity. It was also found that a lower use of KM practices regards the inter-firm level. Also, firms use less intensely those practices which are called “elective” in accordance with the KM literature. The results of a correlation analysis depict that the more intensely the practices are used internally, the more likely the firms will intensely employ them with suppliers and customers. In short, with this study, the key contribution is the effort to define and newly categorize the KM practices, empirically evaluate their intensity of use, and characterise their potential importance for effective inter-firm relationship in SCs compared to the classic intra-organizational environment which has, so far, guided the KM research for the most. All this is important for both researchers and practitioners, can provide inspiration for future research on the one hand, and can support practical efforts to introduce and develop KM programs in companies on the other hand.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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tesi_definitiva_TOMAS CHERKOS_KASSANEH.pdf
Open Access dal 24/05/2023
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