Gli eroi e gli untori del Covid-19. I quotidiani come specchio di una relazione ambivalente tra cittadini e sanità pubblica durante l’emergenza

This article shares the results of a long-term research on the media coverage of Covid-19 related to physicians and nurses who are among the key actors of the public discourse during the emergency. The research was conducted with the support of the TIPS - Technoscientific Issue in the Public Sphere platform, analyzing 203,344 articles from major Italian newspapers between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. The analysis of the public discourse reveals a substantial ambivalence: if in the first phase of the pandemic, doctors and nurses played the role of heroes who sacrifice themselves to remind the citizenry to comply with the rules, in the second phase, however, we see the emergence of a conflict between vaccinated versus unvaccinated health care workers. The opening of this fault line says much about the role that public communication played during the pandemic. While the media helped support the importance of the policies adopted by the government, it also forged divisions within social groups that had a strategic semiotic function, as in the case of doctors and nurses, precisely when compact alignment with policy decisions in health care was required. In this context, it will be analyzed, through the concepts of medical populism and moral panic, how specific rhetorics of emergency contributed to a social climate often unfavorable to policy implementation.