A case of progressive weight loss, dysorexia and behavioral changes in a geriatric camel (Camelus batracianus) with dental disorders.

Progressive weight loss and behavioural changes in elderly animals could indicate serious underlying conditions and require accurate investigation. A 20-year-old intact male camel (Camelus bactrianus, 750kg) presented with a 5-month history of progressive reduction in physical condition, behavioural changes (agitation, nervousness, aggression, irritability), dysorexia and peculiar chewing. Xylazine 0.4mg/kg(300mg Xilagesic, Calier srl, Italy) and butorphanol 0.06mg/kg (50mg Dolorex, MSD-Animal Health srl, Italy) were administered intramuscularly to perform physical examination, blood sampling, abdominal ultrasound and oral radiographic imaging. Supplemental xylazine (0.4mg/kg, 300mg) and butorphanol (0.04mg/kg, 30mg) were administered intramuscularly when necessary to maintain sternal recumbency. Radiographic imaging showed the absence of the upper left first molar, the presence of broken teeth (lower left first and second molars) and osteolytic lesions. Mobile fractured dental fragments were removed, and all the sharp enamel points were rasped using motorized equipment and water-dip cooling (Macrima Pharmavet Srl, Italy). Atipamezole 0.06mg/kg (50mg Atipam, Dechra Veterinary Products srl, Italy) was administered intramuscularly 120 minutes after the first injection, and the camel was able to stand within 20 minutes. Physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure and oxygen saturation) were stable during procedures. Complete blood work and ultrasound examination were unremarkable. The camel gained weight, improved its physical condition and became calmer within 2 weeks. The prevalence of oral disorders ranges from 10 to 27% in camels over 10 years old. Loss of condition resulting from poor prehension, and improper mastication is quite common but changes in normal behaviour are probably underestimated in camels.