A Framework for Economic Optimization of Carbon Capture and Sequestration from Italian Industrial Sources Under Seismic Risk Constraints

Carbon dioxide emission from the industrial sectors in Italy is second only to emissions from the energy sector. The implementation of carbon capture and storage chains, while considered an ideal solution to decarbonize the industry sector, is cause for additional concern due to the seismic profile of the Italian peninsula. A nationwide multi-objective carbon capture and storage chain is here optimized through a mixed integer linear programming framework, aiming at both cost minimization and reduction of the risk factor linked with the susceptibility of transport to local seismic activity. The resulting minimum specific CO2 avoidance cost resulting from the economic optimization is 64.7 €/t for a 50% carbon reduction target, while the minimization of seismic risk determines an increase in infrastructural costs up to 79.4 €/t (+ 22.5%).