Soft skills are important personal characteristics that are related to a host of positive outcomes in adulthood and many institutions and international organization –such as the European Union or the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research– are trying to integrate them into scholastic curricula to start promoting their development since school age. However, research about the effects of soft skill in adolescents is not well structured and not much is known about their importance for school-aged students’ academic achievement and wellbeing. To fill this gap, I conducted four different studies referring to the six soft skills of the character qualities branch proposed by the World Economic Forum (2016). The four studies aimed at: i) Understanding the role of soft skills in promoting academic achievement when also considering other study-related factors such as cognitive abilities, academic motivation, self-regulated learning strategies, and achievement emotions. ii) Analysing the relation between soft skills and positive psychological outcomes such as students’ life satisfaction and posttraumatic growth (following the Covid-19 pandemic). In particular, Study 1 examines the relation of soft skills, SRL strategies, academic motivation, and cognitive abilities with academic achievement. Soft skills will be treated as a direct predictor of SRL strategies and academic motivation that should, in turn, favor students’ academic achievement. Study 2 replicates the results obtained in the first study and examines the association between soft skills and more qualitative aspects of students’ lives, such as their achievement emotions and life satisfaction. Based on the unreliable results obtained in the first two studies for what concerns adaptability (one of the soft skills considered), Study 3 specifically focuses on adaptability and its relations with achievement emotions, SRL strategies, motivational factors, life satisfaction, and academic achievement. Situated in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, Study 4 longitudinally focuses on the role that adaptability played for school-aged students in promoting students’ positive adaptation to the scholastic Covid-19 restrictions, and post-traumatic growth. Results of the four studies generally show that soft skills, intended as a second-order factor comprehending six soft skills (adaptability, curiosity, initiative, leadership, perseverance, and social awareness) or as single soft skills’ constructs, do not play any direct role in promoting academic achievement, but their effect is fully mediated by other study-related factors. On the contrary, soft skills do directly relate to students’ life satisfaction and posttraumatic growth resulting important correlates of both wellbeing and academic achievement (indirectly). I present the theoretical background, methodology, statistical analyses, results, and discussion of each study. Application of the project, general discussion, and conclusions, as well as educational implications, are provided.
Molte organizzazioni nazionali e internazionali – come l’Unione Europea o il Ministero dell’Istruzione dell’Università e della Ricerca – partendo dagli evidenti benefici che le soft skill hanno durante la vita adulta, stanno cercando di promuovere il loro sviluppo a partire dalle scuole. Lo studio delle soft skill, o abilità trasversali, durante l’età scolare non risulta però sistematizzato ed è ancora da chiarire il loro ruolo nel promuovere il successo scolastico e il benessere degli studenti. Per approfondire tale questione, in questo lavoro di tesi sono stati condotti quattro studi con riferimento alle sei soft skill incluse tra le “qualità caratteriali” del modello proposto dal World Economic Forum (2016). I quattro studi si pongono l’obiettivo di: i) comprendere il ruolo che le soft skill hanno nel promuovere il successo scolastico quando vengono considerati altri fattori di studio come le abilità cognitive, la motivazione scolastica, le strategie di apprendimento autoregolato e le emozioni scolastiche. ii) analizzare la relazione tra soft skill e soddisfazione di vita e crescita post-traumatica (a seguito della pandemia da Covid-19). In particolare, lo Studio 1 esamina la relazione tra soft skill, strategie di apprendimento autoregolato, motivazione scolastica, abilità cognitive e successo scolastico, con le soft skill che verranno concettualizzate come dirette promotrici delle strategie di apprendimento autoregolato e della motivazione scolastica degli studenti, che a loro volta promuoverebbero il raggiungimento di un maggiore successo scolastico. Lo studio 2, oltre a replicare i risultati ottenuti nel primo studio, approfondisce la relazione tra soft skill e soddisfazione di vita ed emozioni scolastiche degli studenti. A causa dei risultati poco consistenti ottenuti per quanto riguarda l’adattabilità (una delle soft skill considerate) nei primi due studi, lo Studio 3 si focalizza specificatamente sull’adattabilità e la sua associazione con la motivazione scolastica, le strategie di apprendimento autoregolato, le emozioni scolastiche, la soddisfazione di vita e il successo scolastico degli studenti. Lo Studio 4, situato nel contesto pandemico da Covid-19, studia in modo longitudinale il ruolo che l’adattabilità ha giocato nel promuovere un adattamento positivo degli studenti alle restrizioni scolastiche e una maggiore crescita degli stessi in termini di crescita post-traumatica. I risultati dei quattro studi mostrano, in generale, che le soft skill, intese sia come fattore di secondo ordine comprendente adattabilità, curiosità, iniziativa, leadership, perseveranza e consapevolezza sociale, sia al livello dei singoli costrutti, non hanno un ruolo diretto nel promuovere il successo scolastico degli studenti, ma piuttosto un ruolo indiretto mediato da altri fattori di studio. Diversamente, le soft skill sembrano avere un ruolo diretto nel promuovere il benessere degli studenti, come evidenziato dalle associazioni positive con la loro soddisfazione di vita e la loro crescita post-traumatica. Nella tesi, i singoli costrutti teorici vengono presentati e integrati all’interno della letteratura di riferimento, vengono poi presentati metodi, analisi, risultati e discussioni di ogni studio. Vengono inoltre presentate le applicazioni del progetto, una discussione e una conclusione generale e le possibili implicazioni educative.
SOFT SKILL, FATTORI DI STUDIO, BENESSERE E SUCCESSO SCOLASTICO DI STUDENTI TRA I 10 E I 18 ANNI / Feraco, Tommaso. - (2022 Feb 21).
SOFT SKILL, FATTORI DI STUDIO, BENESSERE E SUCCESSO SCOLASTICO DI STUDENTI TRA I 10 E I 18 ANNI
FERACO, TOMMASO
2022
Abstract
Soft skills are important personal characteristics that are related to a host of positive outcomes in adulthood and many institutions and international organization –such as the European Union or the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research– are trying to integrate them into scholastic curricula to start promoting their development since school age. However, research about the effects of soft skill in adolescents is not well structured and not much is known about their importance for school-aged students’ academic achievement and wellbeing. To fill this gap, I conducted four different studies referring to the six soft skills of the character qualities branch proposed by the World Economic Forum (2016). The four studies aimed at: i) Understanding the role of soft skills in promoting academic achievement when also considering other study-related factors such as cognitive abilities, academic motivation, self-regulated learning strategies, and achievement emotions. ii) Analysing the relation between soft skills and positive psychological outcomes such as students’ life satisfaction and posttraumatic growth (following the Covid-19 pandemic). In particular, Study 1 examines the relation of soft skills, SRL strategies, academic motivation, and cognitive abilities with academic achievement. Soft skills will be treated as a direct predictor of SRL strategies and academic motivation that should, in turn, favor students’ academic achievement. Study 2 replicates the results obtained in the first study and examines the association between soft skills and more qualitative aspects of students’ lives, such as their achievement emotions and life satisfaction. Based on the unreliable results obtained in the first two studies for what concerns adaptability (one of the soft skills considered), Study 3 specifically focuses on adaptability and its relations with achievement emotions, SRL strategies, motivational factors, life satisfaction, and academic achievement. Situated in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, Study 4 longitudinally focuses on the role that adaptability played for school-aged students in promoting students’ positive adaptation to the scholastic Covid-19 restrictions, and post-traumatic growth. Results of the four studies generally show that soft skills, intended as a second-order factor comprehending six soft skills (adaptability, curiosity, initiative, leadership, perseverance, and social awareness) or as single soft skills’ constructs, do not play any direct role in promoting academic achievement, but their effect is fully mediated by other study-related factors. On the contrary, soft skills do directly relate to students’ life satisfaction and posttraumatic growth resulting important correlates of both wellbeing and academic achievement (indirectly). I present the theoretical background, methodology, statistical analyses, results, and discussion of each study. Application of the project, general discussion, and conclusions, as well as educational implications, are provided.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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