Isoflavoni e proteina in soia. Valutazione di varietà in differenti condizioni di gestione agronomica.

The soybean can to be a top crop for the health environment. It's a crop which fixes the atmospheric nitrogen in his tissues. The nitrogen is fixed by nitrogenase-reductase to produce high biological value Organic compound. A part of these substances remains in the soil and can to enrich the soil fertility. (organic-N availability).In the Padua University Experimental Farm, a research work has been realized for to evaluate the nutraceutical compounds production of the most important soybean varieties diffused in Italy. The nutraceutical compounds examined are isoflavones and proteins. The isoflavones and the soybean proteins are the positive effects on the human health if they are firmly integrated in the diet. (Cancer prevention, menopause symptom alleviation, reduction of the cholesterol accumulation) (Lacombe S et al 2000). This work has concerned the study of the 35 and 28 soybeans varieties during the 2005. 2006 and 2007. The varieties are cultivated in two different ways: a) biological way b) traditional way The production of the isoflavones are been evaluated in the different plant parts (germ and cotyledon) with a simple HPLC analysis method. A variability coefficient >27% has been found. A different varieties vocation for the soyfood productions has been underlined. Some varieties are good for the nutraceutical production (high contents in isoflavone compound), some varieties are good for the low content isoflavone production (baby meal). The agronomic variables have influenced the isoflavone concentration in the soybean seeds In the 2006 and 2007 a second experiment has been realized for to study the irrigation effect, the nitrogen input effect, the soil type effect, on the isoflavone and proteins production. For this study two different varieties has been chosen: Ales (high isoflavone concentration low protein concentration) and Nikir (high protein concentration and low isoflavone concentration). These varieties are grown in the water optimal availability condition and they have compared with a control non irrigated. By the results is it possible to see witch the ETM condition determine a major isoflavone concentration,(+11%) in the seeds in comparison with the control non irrigated and fertilized. This effect is more evident in the seeds produced on the stem ramification.