BACKGROUND: Vi sono evidenze in modelli animali che l’inalazione di particolato fine (PM), attivi i recettori polmonari TRPV1 e TRPA1 e attraverso una modulazione del sistema nervoso centrale possa influenzare la regolazione autonomica dell'attività cardiaca. Questa ipotetica via neurogena, potrebbe essere responsabile degli effetti cardiovascolari avversi osservati in soggetti suscettibili dopo esposizioni acute a PM. OBIETTIVI: Verificare che l'attività di TRPV1 e TRPA1 può essere modulata in vivo dall’inalazione di prostaglandina-E2 (PGE2) e bradichinina (BK), e che i cambiamenti nell'attività dei canali TRP interferiscano con la regolazione autonomica del ritmo cardiaco nell’uomo. In un gruppo di volontari sani abbiamo valutato: 1. la risposta tussigena alla capsaicina (CPS) ed alla cinnamaldeide (CMA), agonisti esogeni rispettivamente dei canali TRPV1 e TRPA1, somministrati per via inalatoria prima e dopo l'inalazione di PGE2 e BK, agonisti endogeni in grado di attivare in vitro i canali TRP; 2. la variabilità della frequenza cardiaca (HRV) al momento della modulazione dei canali TRP con PGE2 e BK. È stato inoltre verificato: 3. il meccanismo molecolare della modulazione del canale TRPV1 in vitro su cellule HeLa trasfettate con la forma wild-type del TRPV1; 4. se la presenza di polimorfismi funzionali (SNPs) di TRPV1 spieghi la variabilità della risposta tussigena alla CPS e se modifichi la risposta tussigena alla modulazione dei canali TRP con PGE2 e BK. MATERIALI E METODI: 1. Sono stati reclutati 20 volontari sani, 17 dei quali hanno effettuato l’inalazione di PGE2 e BK o diluente, in modo randomizzato e in doppio cieco. Subito dopo, ogni soggetto è stato sottoposto al test di stimolazione specifica del recettore TRPV1 con CPS e TRPA1 con CMA. 2. In 12 dei volontari sani arruolati è stata misurata la HRV tramite la registrazione dell’elettrocardiogramma (ECG), avvenuta dopo l’inalazione di diluente, PGE2 e BK. Abbiamo analizzato tre variabili delle componenti spettrali nel dominio della frequenza che rappresentano indici di modulazione simpatica, vagale e del bilancio simpatico-vagale. 3. Abbiamo monitorato la funzionalità del canale TRPV1 misurando la concentrazione di [Ca2+] nelle cellule HeLa dopo trattamento con CPS e CMA. Abbiamo trasfettato le cellule HeLa con il canale umano TRPV1 per misurarne la funzionalità, dopo il pre-trattamento con dosi crescenti di PGE2, BK o particolato di scarico diesel (DEP) e successiva stimolazione con CPS. 4. Tutti i volontari sono stati caratterizzati per la risposta tussigena alla CPS. Abbiamo analizzato il DNA di ciascuno per caratterizzare sei SNPs di TRPV1. RISULTATI: 1. L'inalazione di PGE2 e BK ha determinato un aumento significativo della risposta tussigena indotta dalla CPS, indicando un aumento di sensibilità del TRPV1. La modulazione del TRPA1 ha mostrato cambiamenti inconsistenti della risposta tussigena indotta dalla CMA. 2. L'inalazione di PGE2 e BK ha modificato significativamente l’HRV comportando uno sbilanciamento della regolazione autonomica del ritmo cardiaco a favore del sistema simpatico rispetto al vagale. 3. Il pretrattamento con PGE2 o BK delle cellule HeLa che esprimono il TRPV1, non ha modificato le risposte cellulari indotte da CPS, dimostrando come nel nostro modello sperimentale, questi due mediatori non sensibilizzino direttamente il canale TRPV1. Il trattamento con il DEP ha aumentato significativamente le risposte cellulari mediate da CPS, indicando che TRPV1 è direttamente sensibilizzato dal particolato. 4. La variabilità della risposta tussigena alla CPS tra soggetti sani è spiegata da molteplici SNPs del canale TRPV1. Il contributo maggiore alla sensibilità in termini di risposta tussigena alla CPS in vivo è dovuto alla presenza di quattro SNPs combinati: I315M; I585V; T469I; P91S. Questi dati supportano l’ipotesi che l’inalazione di PM, interferendo con la funzione dei TRP, induca effetti cardiovascolari acuti in soggetti suscettibili.
BACKGROUND There is evidence in animal models, that particulate (PM) inhalation, activates TRPV-1 and TRPA-1 pulmonary receptors and may change the autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, through a modulation of afferent signals in the central nervous system. This hypothetical neurogenic pathway could explain the adverse cardiovascular effects observed in susceptible subjects after acute PM exposures. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to verify that the activity of TRPV-1 and TRPA-1 can be modulated in vivo by inhaled stimuli and that changes in TRP channels activity modify the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm. To do this we evaluated in a group of healthy volunteers: 1. Cough response to capsaicin (CPS) and cinnmaldeide (CMA), exogenous agonists of TRPV-1 and TRPA-1 channels, before and after inhalation of PGE2 and BK, endogenous mediators that activate TRP channels in vitro; 2. Heart rate variability (HRV) after modulation of TRP channels with PGE2 and BK. We also evaluated: 3. The molecular mechanism of TRPV-1 channel modulation in vitro, on HeLa cells transfected with the TRPV-1 wild-type; 4. Whether presence of functional polymorphisms (SNPs) of TRPV-1 explains the variability of cough response to CPS and whether it modifies cough response to the modulation of TRP channels with PGE2 and BK. METHODS 1. 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. 17 performed PGE2 and BK or diluent inhalation, in a randomized double-blind fashion. Immediately after inhalation of the modulators, the sensitivity of TRPV-1 to CPS and of TRPA-1 to CMA was assessed with cough challenge. 2. Heart rate variability (HRV) was tested in 12 of the enrolled healthy volunteers recording the electrocardiogram (ECG) after inhalation of diluent, PGE2 and BK. We analyzed the variables of spectral components in the frequency domain, that represent indexes of sympathetic, vagal and sympathetic-vagal balance. 3. Functional properties of TRPV-1 channel were evaluated measuring [Ca2 +] in HeLa cells after treatment with CPS and CMA. HeLa cells were transfected with the TRPV-1 human channel. [Ca2 +] in HeLa cells was measured after pre-treatment with increasing doses of PGE2, BK or diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEP) followed by CPS stimulation. 4. All volunteers were characterized according to cough response to the CPS. We analyzed the DNA of each subjects to assess the presence of six functional polymorphisms (SNPs) of TRPV-1. RESULTS 1. Inhalation of PGE2 and BK is associated with a significant increase of cough response induced by CPS, while inconsistent changes after stimulation of TRPA-1 with CMA were detected. 2. Inhalation of PGE2 and BK significantly modifies HRV, leading to an imbalance of the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm. In particular we detected an upregulation of the sympathetic system and a downregulation of the vagal system. 3. Pretreatment with PGE2 or BK of HeLa cells expressing TRPV-1 did not modify CPS-induced cellular responses, demonstrating that in our experimental model, these two mediators do not directly sensitize the TRPV-1 channel. Treatment with DEP significantly increased TRPV-1-mediated cellular responses, indicating that it is directly sensitized by particulate matter. 4. We demonstrated that the variability of cough response to CPS between healthy subjects is partially explained by multiple SNPs of the TRPV-1 channel. The major contribution to sensitivity in terms of cough response to CPS in vivo is due to the combination of four SNPs: I315M; I585V; T469I; P91S. However, the modulation of TRPV-1 was irrespective of the presence of SNPs. These data support the hypothesis that PM inhalation, interfering with the function of TRPs, induces acute cardiovascular effects in susceptible subjects.
La modulazione dei canali transient receptor potential v1 e a1 con prostaglandina-e2e bradichinina è associata adaumento della risposta tussigena alla capsaicina ed a variazionidella regolazioneautonomica del ritmo cardiaco in soggetti sani / Liviero, Filippo. - (2019 Dec 01).
La modulazione dei canali transient receptor potential v1 e a1 con prostaglandina-e2e bradichinina è associata adaumento della risposta tussigena alla capsaicina ed a variazionidella regolazioneautonomica del ritmo cardiaco in soggetti sani
Liviero, Filippo
2019
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence in animal models, that particulate (PM) inhalation, activates TRPV-1 and TRPA-1 pulmonary receptors and may change the autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, through a modulation of afferent signals in the central nervous system. This hypothetical neurogenic pathway could explain the adverse cardiovascular effects observed in susceptible subjects after acute PM exposures. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to verify that the activity of TRPV-1 and TRPA-1 can be modulated in vivo by inhaled stimuli and that changes in TRP channels activity modify the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm. To do this we evaluated in a group of healthy volunteers: 1. Cough response to capsaicin (CPS) and cinnmaldeide (CMA), exogenous agonists of TRPV-1 and TRPA-1 channels, before and after inhalation of PGE2 and BK, endogenous mediators that activate TRP channels in vitro; 2. Heart rate variability (HRV) after modulation of TRP channels with PGE2 and BK. We also evaluated: 3. The molecular mechanism of TRPV-1 channel modulation in vitro, on HeLa cells transfected with the TRPV-1 wild-type; 4. Whether presence of functional polymorphisms (SNPs) of TRPV-1 explains the variability of cough response to CPS and whether it modifies cough response to the modulation of TRP channels with PGE2 and BK. METHODS 1. 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. 17 performed PGE2 and BK or diluent inhalation, in a randomized double-blind fashion. Immediately after inhalation of the modulators, the sensitivity of TRPV-1 to CPS and of TRPA-1 to CMA was assessed with cough challenge. 2. Heart rate variability (HRV) was tested in 12 of the enrolled healthy volunteers recording the electrocardiogram (ECG) after inhalation of diluent, PGE2 and BK. We analyzed the variables of spectral components in the frequency domain, that represent indexes of sympathetic, vagal and sympathetic-vagal balance. 3. Functional properties of TRPV-1 channel were evaluated measuring [Ca2 +] in HeLa cells after treatment with CPS and CMA. HeLa cells were transfected with the TRPV-1 human channel. [Ca2 +] in HeLa cells was measured after pre-treatment with increasing doses of PGE2, BK or diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEP) followed by CPS stimulation. 4. All volunteers were characterized according to cough response to the CPS. We analyzed the DNA of each subjects to assess the presence of six functional polymorphisms (SNPs) of TRPV-1. RESULTS 1. Inhalation of PGE2 and BK is associated with a significant increase of cough response induced by CPS, while inconsistent changes after stimulation of TRPA-1 with CMA were detected. 2. Inhalation of PGE2 and BK significantly modifies HRV, leading to an imbalance of the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm. In particular we detected an upregulation of the sympathetic system and a downregulation of the vagal system. 3. Pretreatment with PGE2 or BK of HeLa cells expressing TRPV-1 did not modify CPS-induced cellular responses, demonstrating that in our experimental model, these two mediators do not directly sensitize the TRPV-1 channel. Treatment with DEP significantly increased TRPV-1-mediated cellular responses, indicating that it is directly sensitized by particulate matter. 4. We demonstrated that the variability of cough response to CPS between healthy subjects is partially explained by multiple SNPs of the TRPV-1 channel. The major contribution to sensitivity in terms of cough response to CPS in vivo is due to the combination of four SNPs: I315M; I585V; T469I; P91S. However, the modulation of TRPV-1 was irrespective of the presence of SNPs. These data support the hypothesis that PM inhalation, interfering with the function of TRPs, induces acute cardiovascular effects in susceptible subjects.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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