4) The impact of liver steatosis on the ability of serum ferritin levels to be predictive of liver iron concentration in non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia patients

This study analysed the impact of liver steatosis (LS) on the parameters of iron overload in 110 patients with non-transfusion dependent thalassaemia (NTDT). LS was diagnosed by ultrasound. Liver iron concentration (LIC) measurements were available for 64 patients who underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. LS was frequent (355%) and was significantly more prevalent in males than in females (490% vs. 246%, P = 0008). Patients with LS had significant higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT/AST ratio and ferritin than those without, but LIC values were comparable. An ALT/AST ratio >089 predicted the presence of LS with a sensitivity of 0872 and a specificity of 0901 (P < 00001). Ferritin levels correlated with LIC values (R = 0558, P < 00001) but the correlation was stronger in patients without LS (R = 0656, P < 00001) than in patients with LS (R = 0426, P = 005). LS is a frequent issue in NTDT patients and should be suspected in the presence of an ALT/AST ratio >089. Recently, serum ferritin thresholds that predict clinically relevant LIC for guiding iron chelation therapy when MRI is unavailable have been determined. Our data show that LS may cause increase in ferritin levels and may be responsible for anticipating/ exceeding chelation treatment in NTDT patients in the absence of LIC evaluation.