A European Optimisation Tool for Carbon Capture and Storage, accounting for Delays in Public Procurement

The global anthropogenic generation of greenhouse gasses experienced an exponential increase compared to pre-industrial levels and, among these, CO2 is the most abundant, with an emission that rose globally from 2 Gt/year in 1850 to over 35 Gt/year in 2010. Carbon capture and storage has been highlighted among the most promising options to decarbonise the energy sector, especially considering the European context which heavily relies on fossil fuels. When dealing with the strategic design and planning of an international carbon capture and storage infrastructure, the necessity of taking into account the differential behaviour among the European countries in terms of public procurement and assignation delays emerges as a key requirement for attaining an effective implementation of the network. This contribution proposes a mixed integer linear programming modelling framework for the economic optimisation of a multinational European carbon capture and storage supply chain, including the effects of countrywide delays in public procurement. Assignation lags are implemented as an additional cost for the installation of the network. Results show that only minor modifications in the supply chain design should be taken into account with respect to an equivalent non-delayed scenario, with a consequent just moderate increase in transport costs (+ 3 %). Moreover, it is shown that capture and sequestration stages are barely not affected by the introduction of assignation lags among countries.