Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in dogs and cats. The disease is suspected if clinical signs such as polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss are present. Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and an elevated serum fructosamine will confirm the diagnosis. Cornerstones of treatment are insulin that is typically administered subcutaneously twice daily and a low-carbohydrate diet. Objectives of treatment are resolution of clinical signs, control of body weight, and prevention of diabetic complications and episodes of hypoglycemia. Furthermore, in any cat and in bitches with diabetes mellitus associated with diestrus or pregnancy, treatment should also aim at remission. This favorable outcome is frequent in cats but is rare in dogs. Prognosis of affected dogs and cats is fair and quality of life is good if treatment it adequately provided.
Diabetes mellitus
Eric Zini;Michele Berlanda
2017
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in dogs and cats. The disease is suspected if clinical signs such as polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss are present. Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and an elevated serum fructosamine will confirm the diagnosis. Cornerstones of treatment are insulin that is typically administered subcutaneously twice daily and a low-carbohydrate diet. Objectives of treatment are resolution of clinical signs, control of body weight, and prevention of diabetic complications and episodes of hypoglycemia. Furthermore, in any cat and in bitches with diabetes mellitus associated with diestrus or pregnancy, treatment should also aim at remission. This favorable outcome is frequent in cats but is rare in dogs. Prognosis of affected dogs and cats is fair and quality of life is good if treatment it adequately provided.
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