A real-time continuous glucose monitoring based algorithm to trigger carbohydrates assumption to prevent/mitigate hypoglycemic events

Mitigation of the risk of prolonged hypoglycemia in Type 1 diabetes management requires patient to assume a small dose of fast-acting carbohydrates, called hypotreatment (HT), as soon as hypoglycemia is detected. This invention consists in an algorithm that, on the basis of the datastream generated by a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor, triggers the assumption of preventive HTs i.e., snacks that, being quickly absorbed into the circulation, avoid, or at least mitigate the severity and duration of the forthcoming hypoglycemic event. The algorithm resorts to the ‘’dynamic risk’’ (DR) non-linear function, which combines current glycemia with its rate-ofchange provided by CGM, adapted to distinguish the severity of the about-to-happen hypoglycemia. The algorithm has been tested in a simulated realistic scenario. Results show that the administration of an HT in advance, as triggered by the new algorithm, brings to a strong reduction of the time that a patient would have spent in hypoglycemia assuming the HT at hypoglycemic threshold crossing.