Conservative mastectomy versus nipple-sparing mastectomy: Preliminary considerations of oncological safety on 30 patients not receiving intra-operative radiotherapy

Background: For several years, there has been broad consensus that nipple-sparing mastectomy is a safe surgical treatment for breast cancer. However, the technique is associated with a relatively high risk of local recurrence (LR) behind the nipple-areola complex (NAC). It is for this reason that some years ago we introduced intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons (ELIOT) targeted specifically to the NAC to reduce the probability of recurrence there. However, in some cases we preferred to avoid ELIOT when the NAC appears to have a poor blood supply to ensuring the best chance of NAC survival. Methods: From July 2003 to April 2010 at our institute, 30 patients received nipple-sparing mastectomy but neither ELIOT nor external radiotherapy, as the surgeon considered the irradiation would markedly compromise the chances of NAC survival, because of sub-optimal vascularization. Results: After a median follow-up of 5 years there were no LRs with minor post-operative complications. Conclusions: This preliminary case series indicates that the presented technique can be a safe procedure in breast cancer surgery, but requires greater number of cases and a longer follow-up to confirm the oncological safety.